Epidermal Inclusion Cyst (Sometimes Called Sebaceous Cyst)

Have you seen a small, round lump under your skin? It might be an epidermal cyst, also known as a keratin cyst. These lumps are common and usually harmless. But, they are often mistakenly called sebaceous cysts.

Epidermal cysts happen when skin cells move deeper into the skin and grow. They form a sac filled with keratin. True sebaceous cysts come from sebaceous glands. In this guide, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments for epidermal inclusion cysts. We’ll also talk about when you should see a doctor for this common skin issue.

What is an Epidermal Inclusion Cyst?

Epidermal inclusion cysts are not the same as sebaceous cysts. They are benign growths that form under the skin. These cysts happen when the skin’s outer layer gets trapped in the deeper layer.

As the trapped cells grow, they make keratin. Keratin is a protein found in hair, nails, and skin. This keratin buildup makes the cyst grow slowly, creating a painless lump under the skin.

Definition and Characteristics of Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

These cysts look like small, round bumps. They can be a few millimeters to several centimeters big. They are usually the same color as the skin or a bit lighter, and feel smooth and firm.

They often show up on the face, neck, chest, and arms.

The characteristics of epidermal inclusion cysts include:

Differences Between Epidermal Inclusion Cysts and Sebaceous Cysts

Even though they are often called the same thing, epidermal inclusion cysts and sebaceous cysts are different. Sebaceous cysts come from oil glands, while epidermal inclusion cysts come from the skin’s outer layer and contain keratin.

It’s important to get a proper diagnosis to know how to treat them. A doctor can tell them apart by looking at their appearance, where they are, and what comes out when they burst.

Causes and Risk Factors of Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

Many things can lead to epidermal inclusion cysts. Knowing what causes them can help you avoid them. This way, you can take steps to prevent them.

Trauma or Injury to the Skin

One big reason for these cysts is skin trauma. This includes cuts, punctures, or other injuries. Such injuries can push the epidermis into the dermis, causing cysts.

Jobs or activities that hurt the skin a lot can raise your risk. This includes sports or manual labor.

Genetic Predisposition

Genetics also play a part. Some people are more likely to get these cysts because of their genes. If a family member has them, you might too.

But we don’t know all about the genes involved. Research suggests some gene changes might make cysts more likely.

Hormonal Changes and Puberty

Hormonal changes, like those in puberty, can also cause these cysts. The body’s hormonal shifts make the sebaceous glands work more. This can lead to cysts.

Teenagers and young adults are more likely to get these cysts. This is because of the big hormonal changes they go through.

Even with these risk factors, not everyone will get epidermal inclusion cysts. If you think you have one, see a dermatologist. They can give you the right diagnosis and treatment.

Symptoms and Appearance of Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

Epidermal inclusion cysts look like small, round or oval skin bumps just under the skin. They are usually flesh-colored or yellowish and feel smooth and firm. These painless lumps grow slowly, sometimes taking months or years to show up.

These cysts can be different sizes, from a few millimeters to several centimeters. As they grow, they can make a bump or swelling under the skin. Sometimes, a small opening or punctum appears on the cyst’s surface, letting out keratin and other contents.

These cysts can pop up anywhere on the body, but they’re most common in areas with lots of hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Here’s where you often find them:

Even though epidermal inclusion cysts are usually painless and grow slowly, they can sometimes get inflamed, tender, or infected. If this happens, the cyst might look red, swollen, and hurt when touched. If not treated, an infected cyst could turn into an abscess, needing antibiotics and quick medical care.

Diagnosis and Evaluation of Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

Getting an accurate diagnosis for epidermal inclusion cysts is key. This involves a detailed skin check, imaging tests, or a biopsy if needed.

Physical Examination by a Dermatologist

A dermatologist will look at the cyst and touch it to check its size and feel. They might ask about how fast it’s growing and any symptoms. Often, a dermatologist can tell what it is just by looking at it.

Imaging Tests for Larger or Deeper Cysts

For bigger or deeper cysts, tests like ultrasound imaging are used. This helps the dermatologist see how big it is and where it is. It’s a way to plan the best treatment.

Biopsy for Suspicious or Atypical Cysts

If a cyst looks odd or doesn’t seem right, a biopsy might be suggested. This means taking a small piece of the cyst for a detailed look. Histopathology is key for cysts that grow fast, hurt, or look different.

Dermatologists use skin checks, imaging, and biopsies when needed. This way, they can accurately diagnose and treat each patient’s epidermal inclusion cysts.

Treatment Options for Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

Epidermal inclusion cysts can be treated in different ways. This depends on their size, where they are, and how they make you feel. A dermatologist will look at the cyst and suggest the best treatment. They aim to remove the cyst without causing too much scarring and to stop it from coming back.

Monitoring and Observation for Small, Asymptomatic Cysts

Small cysts that don’t hurt or cause any problems might just need watching. A dermatologist might say to keep an eye on it. If it stays the same and doesn’t bother you, you might not need to do anything else. Checking yourself regularly and going to the doctor once a year can help see if anything changes.

Surgical Excision for Large, Symptomatic, or Infected Cysts

Bigger cysts, those that hurt, or ones that get infected might need to be cut out. This surgery involves:

1. Using local anesthesia to numb the area
2. Making a small cut over the cyst
3. Slowly taking the cyst out from around it
4. Removing the whole cyst sac to stop it from coming back
5. Closing the cut with stitches or tape

This surgery is usually done without staying overnight in the hospital. How much scarring there is can depend on the cyst’s size and where it is.

Drainage and Antibiotics for Inflamed or Infected Cysts

If a cyst gets red, sore, or infected, it might need to be drained and treated with antibiotics first. The doctor might:

• Make a small cut in the cyst to drain it
• Give you antibiotics to fight the infection
• Put antibiotic cream and a bandage on the area

After the swelling goes down, the cyst might be removed surgically to keep it from getting infected again.

The right treatment for an epidermal inclusion cyst depends on its size, location, and symptoms. A board-certified dermatologist can give advice based on a detailed look at the cyst.

Complications and Risks of Untreated Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

Epidermal inclusion cysts are usually harmless. But, ignoring them can cause problems. Knowing these risks helps see why treating them early is key.

Infection and Abscess Formation

Bacterial Infection is a common issue. Bacteria can get into the cyst through a skin or hair follicle break. Signs of an infected cyst include:

An infected cyst can turn into an abscess if not treated. An abscess is a painful pocket of pus. It needs antibiotics and possibly drainage to stop the infection from spreading.

Rupture and Inflammation

Untreated cysts can also rupture. This happens when a cyst grows or gets hurt. It can spill its contents into the tissue around it. This can cause:

• Pain and tenderness in the affected area
• Redness and swelling as the body’s immune system reacts
• Formation of a painful, inflamed mass called a keratin granuloma

In some cases, a ruptured cyst can create a sinus tract. This is a narrow tunnel from the cyst to the skin’s surface. It can lead to ongoing drainage and more infection risk.

Seeing a doctor for epidermal inclusion cysts is important. This is true if they’re big, hurt, or show signs of infection or rupture. Early treatment can avoid bigger problems and ensure the cyst is managed properly.

Prevention and Lifestyle Changes to Reduce Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

It’s not always possible to prevent epidermal inclusion cysts completely. But, you can lower your risk by making lifestyle changes and practicing good skin care. These steps can help keep your skin healthy and reduce cyst formation.

Avoiding Skin Trauma and Injury

Protecting your skin from injury is key to cyst prevention. Wear protective gear like helmets and gloves during sports. Also, be careful with sharp objects like razors to avoid cuts that could lead to cysts.

Maintaining Good Skin Hygiene

Good hygiene practices are vital for healthy skin and less cyst risk. Clean your skin gently with a mild soap each day. Avoid harsh scrubbing to prevent irritation and cysts. Moisturize after cleansing to keep your skin hydrated and prevent damage.

Protect your skin from too much sun to avoid skin damage and cysts. Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 daily. Wear protective clothing and hats when outside for a long time.

By following these skin care tips and lifestyle changes, you can help prevent cysts. Remember, if you notice any unusual skin changes, see a dermatologist for advice and treatment.

When to Seek Medical Attention for an Epidermal Inclusion Cyst

Most epidermal inclusion cysts are harmless and don’t need treatment. But, some signs and symptoms mean you should see a dermatologist right away. Knowing these signs helps ensure you get the right care and avoid problems.

Look for these cyst symptoms to know when to see a doctor:

A growing, painful, or draining cyst is a serious sign. Seeing a doctor quickly can help figure out what’s wrong and how to fix it. They might suggest removing the cyst to stop it from coming back or to avoid bigger problems.

If you have a family history of skin cancer or the cyst looks odd, get it checked by a pro. Most epidermal inclusion cysts are not cancerous. But, a few might be linked to skin cancer.

Early action is important for healthy skin. If you’re not sure about your cyst, talk to a dermatologist. They can give you the advice you need and help you feel better.

Epidermal Inclusion Cyst (Sometimes Called Sebaceous Cyst): Myths and Facts

There are many cyst misconceptions about epidermal inclusion cysts. These can cause worry and confusion. Let’s debunk some myths and share the facts about these common skin growths.

Myth: Epidermal Inclusion Cysts are Cancerous

Many people think epidermal inclusion cysts are cancerous. This fear is natural, as any skin lump can be scary. But, most of these cysts are harmless.

Fact: Most Epidermal Inclusion Cysts are Benign

Epidermal inclusion cysts are usually benign growths from the skin’s surface. They might be uncomfortable or inflamed, but cancer is rare. In very rare cases, a cancerous growth might look like a cyst, but this is not common.

Myth: Epidermal Inclusion Cysts are Contagious

Another myth is that these cysts can spread from person to person. This might come from their appearance, which can be worrying.

Fact: Epidermal Inclusion Cysts are Not Contagious

Epidermal inclusion cysts are a non-contagious condition. They can’t spread through touch or shared items. They develop from skin trauma, genetics, or hormonal changes, not from infection.

Knowing the truth about these myths can help people with epidermal inclusion cysts feel better. If you’re worried, seeing a dermatologist for a check-up and advice is a good idea.

Coping with the Emotional Impact of Epidermal Inclusion Cysts

Living with epidermal inclusion cysts can affect your emotional health and self-confidence. These skin bumps, though harmless, can make you feel self-conscious or embarrassed. It’s key to remember that these cysts don’t define your worth or beauty.

If cysts are hurting your body image and self-esteem, there are ways to cope. Talking to a trusted friend, family member, or therapist can offer support and new views. Doing things that relax you, like exercise, meditation, or hobbies, can also help your emotional well-being.

Learning about epidermal inclusion cysts and how to treat them can make you feel more in charge of your skin. Remember, many people deal with skin issues at some point. There’s no shame in getting medical help when you need it. With the right support and attitude, you can handle the emotional side of living with these cysts and keep a positive self-image.