Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnancy – Risks & Care
Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnancy – Risks & Care Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during pregnancy can pose significant risks for both the mother and the child. It is crucial to understand the dangers associated with this condition and provide proper care and management to ensure the health and safety of both.
Understanding Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication that can occur in pregnant women with diabetes. It is important to understand what DKA is and how it develops to ensure timely intervention and management. During pregnancy, the risk of DKA increases due to hormonal changes and changes in insulin requirements.
Causes and Triggers of DKA during Pregnancy
Get Free Consultation
ACIBADEM Health Point: The Future of Healthcare
We believe that everyone deserves access to quality healthcare, which is why we have established multiple branches in strategic locations. Whether you're in need of routine check-ups, specialized treatments, or emergency care, ACIBADEM Health Point is here for you.DKA in pregnancy can be caused by factors such as inadequate insulin therapy, infection, missed insulin doses, and poor adherence to diabetes management. Hormonal changes during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester, can also contribute to the development of DKA. These hormonal changes can interfere with insulin sensitivity and increase blood glucose levels, leading to a state of ketosis.
Symptoms and Warning Signs
Recognizing the symptoms and warning signs of DKA is crucial for early detection and prompt medical intervention. Common symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fruity-scented breath. It is important not to dismiss these symptoms as normal pregnancy discomforts and to seek immediate medical attention if they occur.
ACIBADEM Health Point: Your Health is Our Priority!
ACIBADEM Health Point, we are dedicated to providing exceptional healthcare services to our patients. With a team of highly skilled medical professionals and state-of-the-art facilities, we strive to deliver the highest standard of care to improve the health and well-being of our patients. What sets ACIBADEM Health Point apart is our patient-centered approach. We prioritize your comfort, safety, and satisfaction throughout your healthcare journey. Our compassionate staff ensures that you receive personalized care tailored to your unique needs, making your experience with us as seamless and comfortable as possible.Table: Risk Factors for DKA in Pregnancy
| Risk Factors | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Pre-existing diabetes | Pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes, such as type 1 or type 2 diabetes, are at higher risk of developing DKA during pregnancy. |
| Poor glycemic control | Inadequate management of blood sugar levels increases the risk of DKA in pregnant women with diabetes. |
| Infection | Infections, such as urinary tract infections or respiratory infections, can trigger DKA in pregnant women with diabetes. |
| Insulin therapy issues | Missed insulin doses, incorrect insulin administration, or insufficient insulin dosing can contribute to the development of DKA. |
While this table provides a summary of common risk factors, it is essential to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice and guidance based on individual circumstances.
DKA during pregnancy requires immediate medical attention and hospitalization for proper diagnosis and treatment. Timely intervention and management can help prevent serious complications and ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the child.
Managing Diabetic Ketoacidosis during Pregnancy
Proper management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during pregnancy is crucial to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels, insulin therapy, and hydration are key components of managing DKA during pregnancy.
Healthcare professionals play a vital role in effectively managing DKA in pregnant women. They work closely with patients to develop personalized treatment plans, closely monitoring blood glucose levels to ensure they remain within a target range. Insulin therapy is often a core component, helping to regulate blood sugar levels and prevent the onset or progression of DKA.
In addition to blood glucose monitoring and insulin therapy, hydration is essential in managing DKA during pregnancy. Adequate fluid intake helps to restore electrolyte balance and prevent dehydration, which can exacerbate the condition.
Overall, managing DKA during pregnancy requires a comprehensive approach that prioritizes careful monitoring, insulin therapy, and hydration. By working closely with healthcare professionals, pregnant women with diabetes can effectively manage DKA and reduce the potential risks to both themselves and their unborn child.
Risks of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnancy
When it comes to managing diabetes during pregnancy, awareness of the risks involved is crucial. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in pregnancy poses significant health concerns for both the mother and the fetus. It is essential to understand the potential complications associated with DKA in order to prioritize the health and well-being of expectant mothers.
Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: Women who develop DKA during pregnancy are at an increased risk of experiencing severe maternal morbidity and mortality. DKA can lead to complications such as hypotension, acute kidney injury, cardiac arrhythmias, and cerebral edema, which can have serious long-term consequences for the mother’s health.
Effects on the Developing Fetus: The effects of DKA on the developing fetus can be equally concerning. Poorly controlled maternal diabetes resulting in DKA can increase the risk of birth defects and preterm labor. The fetus may also experience intrauterine growth restriction, leading to low birth weight and potential developmental issues.
It is important for healthcare providers and expectant mothers to be aware of these risks and take appropriate measures to prevent and manage DKA during pregnancy. With proper care, close monitoring, and timely intervention, the potential complications associated with DKA can be minimized, ultimately ensuring a healthier outcome for both mother and child.
Symptoms of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnant Women
Early recognition of the symptoms and signs of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnant women is crucial for timely medical intervention. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications and ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the child.
Here are the common symptoms of DKA in pregnant women:
- Persistent thirst: Pregnant women with DKA may experience excessive thirst that is difficult to quench, despite drinking plenty of fluids.
- Frequent urination: Increased urination, even during the night, is a common symptom of DKA in pregnancy.
- Extreme fatigue: Pregnant women with DKA often feel extremely tired, weak, and fatigued, even with adequate rest.
- Abdominal pain: Severe abdominal pain, typically in the epigastric region, can indicate the presence of DKA in pregnancy.
- Nausea and vomiting: Women experiencing DKA may have persistent nausea and vomiting, which can contribute to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
- Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath is a common symptom of DKA, as the body tries to eliminate excess ketones through rapid breathing.
- Confusion or altered mental status: Pregnant women with DKA may exhibit confusion, disorientation, or difficulty concentrating due to metabolic imbalances.
- Weight loss: Unexplained weight loss despite adequate calorie intake is often observed in pregnant women with DKA.
If you are pregnant and experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek immediate medical attention. Diabetic ketoacidosis can be life-threatening if left untreated. A healthcare professional can perform the necessary tests and provide the appropriate treatment to manage DKA and safeguard the health of both you and your baby.
| Symptom | Description |
|---|---|
| Persistent thirst | Excessive thirst that is difficult to quench, despite drinking plenty of fluids. |
| Frequent urination | Increased urination, even during the night. |
| Extreme fatigue | Feeling extremely tired, weak, and fatigued, even with adequate rest. |
| Abdominal pain | Severe abdominal pain, typically in the epigastric region. |
| Nausea and vomiting | Persistent nausea and vomiting, which can contribute to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. |
| Shortness of breath | Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath due to rapid breathing to eliminate excess ketones. |
| Confusion or altered mental status | Confusion, disorientation, or difficulty concentrating due to metabolic imbalances. |
| Weight loss | Unexplained weight loss despite adequate calorie intake. |
Prevention of Diabetic Ketoacidosis during Pregnancy
Preventing the onset of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is crucial for the well-being of pregnant women with diabetes. By implementing the following strategies and recommendations, expectant mothers can minimize the risk of DKA during pregnancy:
1. Maintain Tight Glycemic Control
Keeping blood glucose levels within the target range is essential for preventing DKA during pregnancy. This can be achieved through regular monitoring, diligent insulin therapy, and following a well-balanced diet. Close collaboration with healthcare professionals is key to optimizing glycemic control.
2. Adhere to Prescribed Medication Regimens
It is vital for pregnant women with diabetes to strictly adhere to their prescribed medication regimens. This includes taking insulin as directed, adjusting dosages as needed, and ensuring proper storage and administration techniques. Regularly consulting with healthcare providers can help optimize medication management.
3. Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle
A healthy lifestyle plays a pivotal role in preventing DKA during pregnancy. This includes maintaining a nutritious diet, engaging in regular physical activity as advised by healthcare professionals, and avoiding smoking or consuming alcohol. Managing stress levels and getting adequate sleep are also important for overall well-being.
4. Educate Yourself and Your Support System
Educating oneself and one’s support system about the signs and symptoms of DKA is crucial for early detection. By staying informed and recognizing potential warning signs such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, persistent nausea, or abdominal pain, pregnant women with diabetes can seek immediate medical attention and prevent further complications.
5. Regular Prenatal Care
Attending regular prenatal care appointments is essential for monitoring both the mother’s and the baby’s health. Healthcare professionals will closely monitor blood glucose levels, provide guidance on managing diabetes during pregnancy, and offer support and resources for preventing DKA.
By following these preventive measures, pregnant women with diabetes can significantly reduce the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis and ensure a healthier pregnancy journey for themselves and their babies.
| Preventive Strategies | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Maintain tight glycemic control | – Minimizes the risk of DKA – Promotes fetal health |
| Adhere to prescribed medication regimens | – Ensures proper management of blood glucose levels – Reduces the likelihood of DKA |
| Adopt a healthy lifestyle | – Supports overall well-being – Promotes optimal glucose control |
| Educate yourself and your support system | – Enables early detection and intervention – Prevents worsening of DKA |
| Regular prenatal care | – Allows for close monitoring of mother and baby – Identifies and addresses any potential issues promptly |
Treatment for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnant Women
When it comes to managing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in pregnant women, timely and effective treatment is crucial to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing baby. The treatment for DKA in pregnant women typically involves a combination of intravenous fluids, insulin therapy, and electrolyte correction.
Intravenous fluids: The administration of intravenous fluids is an essential component of treating DKA in pregnant women. Fluid replacement helps restore hydration levels and correct electrolyte imbalances caused by DKA. Proper hydration is critical to ensure proper fetal circulation and prevent complications.
Insulin therapy: Insulin is the mainstay of treatment for DKA in pregnant women. It helps lower blood glucose levels, reduce ketone production, and restore metabolic balance. Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary to adjust insulin doses and ensure optimal control.
Electrolyte correction: Electrolyte imbalances, such as low potassium levels, are common in DKA. To restore electrolyte balance, potassium replacement may be necessary. Proper electrolyte correction plays a vital role in preventing cardiac complications and ensuring the safety of both the mother and the baby.
In addition to these treatment modalities, hospitalization and close monitoring are often required for pregnant women with DKA. Hospitalization allows healthcare professionals to closely monitor the mother’s vital signs, fetal well-being, and response to treatment. It also provides an opportunity for patient education to ensure proper self-care and prevention of future DKA episodes.
Example Treatment Chart:
| Treatment | Description |
|---|---|
| Intravenous fluids | Administer isotonic saline or Ringer’s lactate solution to restore hydration and electrolyte balance. |
| Insulin therapy | Administer regular or short-acting insulin through continuous intravenous infusion or subcutaneous injections. |
| Electrolyte correction | Monitor and correct electrolyte imbalances, particularly potassium levels, to maintain optimal cardiac function. |
| Hospitalization and monitoring | Admit the patient to a hospital for close monitoring of vital signs, fetal well-being, and response to treatment. Provide patient education and support. |
By promptly initiating appropriate treatment for DKA in pregnant women, healthcare professionals can effectively manage the condition, minimize complications, and ensure the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the baby.
Complications of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnancy
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during pregnancy can lead to various complications that pose risks to both the mother and the developing fetus. It is crucial to understand these potential complications to ensure timely intervention and appropriate management.
Increased Risk of Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs, most commonly affecting pregnant women. Women with diabetic ketoacidosis are at an increased risk of developing preeclampsia during pregnancy. The combination of DKA and preeclampsia can lead to serious health complications for both the mother and the baby.
Gestational Hypertension
DKA in pregnancy can also contribute to the development of gestational hypertension, a condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy. Gestational hypertension can put the mother at risk of complications such as preterm labor, placental abruption, and poor fetal growth.
Fetal Distress
Uncontrolled DKA can have detrimental effects on the developing fetus. It may cause fetal distress, which refers to the compromised well-being of the baby. Fetal distress can lead to complications during labor and delivery, such as oxygen deprivation and the need for emergency interventions.
Long-Term Effects on the Mother’s Health
Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy can have long-term effects on the mother’s health. It may increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life and contribute to complications such as cardiovascular disease and kidney problems. Proper management of DKA during pregnancy is essential to mitigate these long-term health risks.
Impact on Subsequent Pregnancies
Women who have experienced diabetic ketoacidosis in a previous pregnancy may face challenges and increased risks in subsequent pregnancies. The presence of DKA in a previous pregnancy can serve as an indicator of potential complications and may require closer monitoring and specialized care in future pregnancies.
Overall, understanding the potential complications of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy highlights the importance of proper care, timely intervention, and close monitoring for women with diabetes. By effectively managing DKA and addressing its associated risks, healthcare professionals can help ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing baby.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Pregnancy Outcomes
When pregnant women experience diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), it can have various impacts on the outcomes of their pregnancy. DKA during pregnancy poses risks to both the mother and the developing fetus. Understanding these potential outcomes is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing appropriate care and support.
Impact on Fetal Development
Diabetic ketoacidosis can have detrimental effects on fetal development. The condition may impede the optimal growth of the fetus, leading to potential complications. Close monitoring and management of DKA are essential to minimize the risks to the baby’s health.
Risk of Stillbirth
Pregnant women with diabetic ketoacidosis are at an increased risk of stillbirth. The uncontrolled blood glucose levels associated with DKA can negatively impact the placenta and the baby’s well-being, potentially resulting in fetal demise. Timely intervention and proper management can help mitigate this risk.
Potential for Neonatal Complications
Babies born to mothers who have experienced diabetic ketoacidosis may face a higher likelihood of neonatal complications. These complications can include respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, and electrolyte imbalances. Thorough postnatal monitoring and medical care are paramount to ensure optimal outcomes for the newborn.
Importance of Preconception Counseling
Preconception counseling plays a vital role in reducing the chances of diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy and improving pregnancy outcomes. Women with diabetes should receive personalized guidance on maintaining tight glycemic control, adhering to medication regimens, and adopting a healthy lifestyle before becoming pregnant. This proactive approach can significantly reduce the risks associated with DKA and promote healthier pregnancies.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnancy – The Role of Acibadem Healthcare Group
When it comes to the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in pregnancy, Acibadem Healthcare Group is at the forefront of providing expert care and comprehensive services. With a team of highly skilled healthcare professionals, Acibadem Healthcare Group is dedicated to ensuring the well-being of pregnant women with diabetes.
At Acibadem Healthcare Group, our specialists understand the unique challenges and risks associated with DKA in pregnancy. They are experienced in managing the intricate balance between maternal and fetal health, offering tailored treatment plans and support throughout the journey.
Our approach to DKA in pregnancy involves a multidisciplinary team consisting of endocrinologists, obstetricians, neonatologists, and nurses who work collaboratively to provide personalized care. This team-based approach ensures that every aspect of the patient’s condition is thoroughly assessed and addressed.
With a focus on evidence-based medicine and the latest advancements in technology, Acibadem Healthcare Group utilizes state-of-the-art facilities and diagnostic tools to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Our specialists closely monitor blood glucose levels, administer appropriate insulin therapy, and closely manage hydration to prevent further complications.
Comprehensive Services Offered by Acibadem Healthcare Group
Acibadem Healthcare Group offers a range of comprehensive services to address the complex needs of pregnant women with DKA. These services include:
- 24/7 access to expert healthcare professionals
- Personalized treatment plans
- Close monitoring of blood glucose levels and insulin therapy
- Fluid and electrolyte management
- Nutritional counseling and support
- Psychological support for emotional well-being
- Education on self-care and managing diabetes during pregnancy
- Access to cutting-edge technology and diagnostic tools
- Collaboration with other specialists as needed
By choosing Acibadem Healthcare Group, pregnant women with DKA can have peace of mind knowing that they are receiving the highest quality of care from a team of dedicated professionals. Our goal is to ensure the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the child.
Next, let’s explore the importance of seeking professional help for diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy and the potential risks of untreated DKA.
Seeking Professional Help for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pregnancy
When it comes to managing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during pregnancy, seeking timely and appropriate healthcare is crucial. Recognizing the warning signs of DKA and promptly consulting a healthcare professional can significantly impact the outcome for both the mother and the baby.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy can be a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fruity-scented breath are indicators that medical intervention is needed.
- Increased thirst: Experiencing excessive thirst, even with adequate fluid intake, may be a symptom of DKA in pregnancy.
- Frequent urination: Having to urinate more frequently than usual, even during the night, can be a warning sign of DKA.
- Nausea and vomiting: Persistent nausea and vomiting that do not subside, even with medication, can be a sign of DKA.
- Abdominal pain: Severe abdominal pain, especially in the lower abdomen, should not be ignored as it can be indicative of DKA.
- Fruity-scented breath: A sweet, fruity odor on the breath, similar to the smell of acetone or nail polish remover, could be a critical symptom of DKA.
If you or someone you know experiences any of these symptoms during pregnancy, it is vital to seek immediate medical help. Contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest emergency room. The sooner DKA is diagnosed and treated, the better the chances of preventing complications and ensuring the well-being of both mother and baby.
Acibadem Healthcare Group: Your Partner in DKA Management
At Acibadem Healthcare Group, we understand the importance of specialized care for pregnant women with DKA. Our dedicated team of healthcare professionals is skilled in diagnosing and managing DKA during pregnancy, ensuring the highest level of care and treatment.
With our state-of-the-art facilities and comprehensive approach, we prioritize the health and well-being of expecting mothers. From early detection to tailored treatment plans, we provide exceptional support throughout your journey, helping you achieve the best possible outcomes for both you and your baby.
| Treatment Approach | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Early Diagnosis and Intervention | Minimize the risk of complications and optimize treatment effectiveness. |
| Individualized Care Plans | Tailored treatment strategies that consider the unique needs of each patient. |
| Expert Healthcare Professionals | Experienced specialists who provide comprehensive care and support during pregnancy. |
| State-of-the-Art Facilities | Access to advanced medical technology and resources for accurate diagnosis and treatment. |
| Continuum of Care | Seamless and continuous care from diagnosis to delivery and postpartum follow-up. |
When encountering the warning signs of DKA in pregnancy, remember that seeking professional help is essential for a successful outcome. Partner with Acibadem Healthcare Group and let our expertise support you every step of the way.
Conclusion
In conclusion, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during pregnancy can pose significant risks to both the mother and the child. It is crucial for pregnant women with diabetes to prioritize proper care, management, and timely intervention. By closely monitoring blood glucose levels, adhering to prescribed medication regimens, and adopting a healthy lifestyle, women can reduce the likelihood of developing DKA.
The effective management of DKA during pregnancy requires the expertise of healthcare professionals. Close collaboration with medical professionals, such as those at Acibadem Healthcare Group, can ensure comprehensive care tailored to the unique needs of pregnant women with diabetes.
Early recognition and prompt treatment of DKA symptoms are essential to prevent serious complications and improve pregnancy outcomes. Through proper education, proactive prevention, and vigilant monitoring, women can safely navigate pregnancy while managing their diabetes and minimizing the risks associated with DKA.
FAQ
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) during pregnancy?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes that can occur during pregnancy. It is characterized by high blood sugar levels, ketone production, and metabolic acidosis. DKA is a life-threatening condition and requires immediate medical attention.
What are the risks of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy?
Diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy poses significant risks to both the mother and the developing fetus. It can lead to maternal morbidity and mortality, as well as complications such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and fetal distress. DKA also increases the risk of preterm labor and birth defects.
How is diabetic ketoacidosis managed during pregnancy?
Managing diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy involves close monitoring of blood glucose levels, administration of intravenous fluids to replace lost fluids, insulin therapy to lower blood sugar levels, and correction of electrolyte imbalances. The treatment also includes regular monitoring of maternal and fetal well-being.
What are the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnant women?
The symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnant women may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, dry mouth, fruity breath odor, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, confusion, and difficulty breathing. If any of these symptoms are experienced, immediate medical assistance should be sought.
How can diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy be prevented?
To prevent the onset of diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy, it is essential to maintain tight glycemic control through proper diet, regular exercise, and adherence to medication regimens. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, attending prenatal check-ups, and seeking medical help for any concerning symptoms are also important preventive measures.
What is the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnant women?
The treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnant women typically involves hospitalization for close monitoring and management. It includes intravenous fluid administration, insulin therapy, correction of electrolyte imbalances, and monitoring of maternal and fetal well-being throughout the treatment process.
What are the potential complications of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy?
Diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy can lead to complications such as preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, fetal distress, preterm labor, birth defects, and an increased risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. The long-term effects on the mother's health and the potential impact on subsequent pregnancies should also be considered.
What are the possible outcomes of pregnancy in women who have experienced diabetic ketoacidosis?
Pregnancy outcomes in women who have experienced diabetic ketoacidosis can vary. There is an increased risk of stillbirth, neonatal complications, and potential developmental issues for the child. Proper preconception counseling and close monitoring throughout pregnancy are crucial for optimizing outcomes.
What is the role of Acibadem Healthcare Group in managing diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy?
Acibadem Healthcare Group provides specialized care for managing diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy. Their healthcare professionals offer comprehensive services, including proper monitoring, timely intervention, personalized treatment plans, and guidance for maintaining optimal maternal and fetal health.
When should professional help be sought for diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy?
Professional help should be sought immediately if any symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis are experienced during pregnancy. Prompt medical evaluation is essential to diagnose and manage the condition effectively, ensuring the health and safety of both the mother and the developing fetus.
ACIBADEM Healthcare Group Hospitals and Clinics
With a network of hospitals and clinics across 5 countries, including 40 hospitals, ACIBADEM Healthcare Group has a global presence that allows us to provide comprehensive healthcare services to patients from around the world. With over 25,000 dedicated employees, we have the expertise and resources to deliver unparalleled healthcare experiences. Our mission is to ensure that each patient receives the best possible care, supported by our commitment to healthcare excellence and international healthcare standards. Ready to take the first step towards a healthier future? Contact us now to schedule your Free Consultation Health session. Our friendly team is eager to assist you and provide the guidance you need to make informed decisions about your well-being. Click To Call Now !*The information on our website is not intended to direct people to diagnosis and treatment. Do not carry out all your diagnosis and treatment procedures without consulting your doctor. The contents do not contain information about the therapeutic health services of ACIBADEM Health Group.