Ear Deformities in Adults
Ear Deformities in Adults Ear deformities in adults can occur due to various factors, including congenital ear anomalies that persist into adulthood or acquired deformities caused by trauma or other factors. Our team of specialists is well-equipped to address these complex conditions and offer solutions tailored to each patient’s needs.
At Acibadem Healthcare Group, we believe in the importance of personalized care and individualized treatment plans. Our expert healthcare professionals are ready to guide you through the consultation and evaluation process, ensuring that your specific ear deformities are carefully assessed and understood.
Whether you are considering surgical intervention or non-surgical solutions, we will provide you with comprehensive information on preparing for the procedure, the recovery process, and long-term results. We will also address potential complications and risks associated with ear deformity correction, allowing you to make informed decisions about your treatment options.
Join us on this journey as we explore the world of ear deformities in adults and discover the possibilities for achieving natural-looking and satisfying results. Trust Acibadem Healthcare Group to be your partner in your ear deformity correction journey.
Understanding Adult Ear Deformities
Ear deformities are not limited to childhood; they can also affect adults. These deformities can be categorized into two main types: congenital ear anomalies and acquired deformities. Congenital ear anomalies refer to deformities that are present from birth and persist into adulthood, while acquired deformities develop later in life due to factors such as trauma or other medical conditions.
Adult ear malformations can have a significant impact on an individual’s self-esteem and overall quality of life. They may affect the appearance and function of the ears, leading to difficulties with hearing or discomfort. Understanding the types and causes of these deformities is crucial for effective treatment.
The Types of Adult Ear Deformities
Adult ear deformities can vary in their nature and severity. Some common types of adult ear malformations include:
- Microtia: This is a congenital condition where the external ear is underdeveloped or completely absent.
- Prominent ears: Also known as “bat ears,” this deformity is characterized by ears that protrude more than normal.
- Stahl’s ear: This deformity results in an extra fold of cartilage, causing the ear to have a pointed or elf-like appearance.
- Cleft earlobe: This is a rare condition where the earlobe is split or divided into two parts.
The Causes of Adult Ear Deformities
Adult ear malformations can have both genetic and environmental causes. Congenital ear anomalies are often the result of genetic factors that affect the development of the ears during fetal development. Acquired deformities, on the other hand, can result from various factors, including:
- Trauma or injury to the ears
- Infection
- Tumors
- Previous surgeries
- Autoimmune conditions
Early identification and intervention are crucial for adults with ear deformities. Consulting with a healthcare professional who specializes in adult ear malformations, such as Acibadem Healthcare Group, can help determine the most suitable treatment options for each individual case.
Treatment Options for Ear Deformities
When it comes to addressing ear deformities in adults, a range of treatment options are available, including surgical interventions, non-surgical approaches, and cosmetic procedures for ear reconstruction. These treatment options can help correct ear deformities and improve both the appearance and function of the ears.
Surgical Interventions
Surgical interventions are commonly used to correct ear deformities in adults. Procedures such as otoplasty, ear reconstruction, and ear reshaping surgeries can significantly improve the aesthetic appearance of the ears. These surgeries involve reshaping or reconstructing the ear cartilage, allowing for a more symmetrical and proportionate ear structure.
During the surgical intervention, the surgeon carefully assesses the specific ear deformity and develops an individualized treatment plan to achieve the desired outcome. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia, and the recovery period varies depending on the extent of the surgery.
Non-Surgical Approaches
Non-surgical approaches can also be employed to address ear deformities in adults. These options are particularly suitable for individuals who prefer non-invasive treatments or have medical conditions that may make surgical interventions less suitable.
Non-surgical solutions may include the use of prosthetics or medical devices that can help reshape or improve the appearance of the ears. These methods are relatively low-risk and can offer individuals a non-permanent alternative to surgical procedures.
Cosmetic Procedures for Ear Reconstruction
In addition to surgical interventions, cosmetic procedures can play a significant role in correcting ear deformities in adults. These procedures focus on enhancing the aesthetic appearance of the ears and can help individuals regain their self-confidence.
Cosmetic procedures for ear reconstruction may involve techniques such as fat grafting, dermal fillers, or laser treatments to improve the contour and shape of the ears. These procedures are typically minimally invasive, and the recovery period is relatively short.
Consulting with a qualified healthcare professional is essential to determine the most suitable treatment option for individual ear deformities. They can evaluate the specific condition, provide expert advice, and guide individuals in selecting the most appropriate treatment approach.
Surgical Interventions for Adult Ear Deformities
When it comes to correcting ear deformities in adults, surgical interventions play a crucial role in achieving desired outcomes. Procedures such as otoplasty, ear reconstruction, and ear reshaping surgeries offer effective solutions for individuals seeking to address ear abnormalities.
Otoplasty, also known as ear pinning, is a common surgical procedure performed to correct prominent or disproportional ears. During otoplasty, the surgeon reshapes the cartilage, repositions the ears closer to the head, and creates a more balanced and aesthetically pleasing appearance. This procedure can significantly enhance self-confidence and improve both the function and appearance of the ears.
Ear reconstruction is another surgical option available for adults with ear deformities. This procedure is often recommended for individuals who are born with congenital ear anomalies or have experienced trauma resulting in ear damage or loss. Using advanced surgical techniques, skilled surgeons can restore the natural shape and structure of the ears, ultimately improving their overall function and appearance.
For adults with various types of ear deformities, ear reshaping surgeries offer customized solutions. Whether it is correcting misaligned or asymmetrical ears, repairing torn earlobes, or addressing other abnormalities, these surgical interventions can help individuals achieve their desired ear aesthetics.
While surgical interventions for adult ear deformities can provide transformative results, it is important to consider the potential risks involved. As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection, bleeding, scarring, or unfavorable outcomes. However, by choosing experienced and board-certified surgeons, such as those at Acibadem Healthcare Group, patients can minimize these risks and maximize the chance of a successful outcome.
Benefits of Surgical Interventions for Adult Ear Deformities
The advantages of surgical interventions for adult ear deformities are significant and encompass both functional and aesthetic benefits. Some of the key benefits include:
- Improved self-confidence: Correcting ear deformities through surgery can greatly enhance an individual’s self-esteem and body image, allowing them to feel more comfortable and confident in social and professional settings.
- Enhanced ear function: Surgical procedures can improve the function of the ears, such as enhancing hearing or addressing issues like chronic ear infections.
- Personalized solutions: Surgeons work closely with patients to create individualized treatment plans, ensuring that their specific ear deformities are addressed and that their desired outcome is achieved.
- Long-lasting results: Surgical interventions for adult ear deformities offer long-term solutions, allowing patients to enjoy the benefits of their improved ear appearance and function for years to come.
It is important for individuals considering surgical interventions for adult ear deformities to consult with a qualified healthcare professional. These specialists can evaluate the specific ear deformities and recommend the most suitable surgical procedures for each patient’s unique circumstances.
Risk Factors of Surgical Interventions for Adult Ear Deformities
While the benefits of surgical interventions for adult ear deformities are substantial, it is crucial to be aware of potential risks and complications. Some of the risk factors associated with these procedures include:
- Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection. Following post-operative care instructions and practicing proper hygiene can help minimize this risk.
- Bleeding: Bleeding during or after surgery is a possible complication. Surgeons will take appropriate measures to control bleeding and ensure patient safety.
- Scarring: Surgical interventions may result in visible scars. However, skilled surgeons employ techniques that aim to minimize scarring and achieve the most natural and aesthetic results possible.
- Unfavorable outcomes: While rare, there is a possibility of unsatisfactory results, such as asymmetry, persistent deformity, or dissatisfaction with the overall outcome. Thorough consultations with surgeons and managing realistic expectations can help minimize this risk.
Understanding the potential risks and benefits of surgical interventions for adult ear deformities is essential for making informed decisions. By carefully selecting qualified surgeons and following post-operative instructions, individuals can increase the likelihood of successful outcomes and enjoy the life-changing results that these procedures offer.
Non-Surgical Solutions for Adult Ear Deformities
For adults seeking to correct ear deformities without undergoing surgery, there are several non-invasive options available. These non-surgical solutions provide individuals with alternatives that can improve the appearance and function of their ears.
One non-surgical solution for ear deformities in adults is the use of prosthetics. These specially crafted devices are designed to mimic the shape and contour of a natural ear, allowing individuals to achieve a more balanced and symmetrical appearance. Prosthetics come in a variety of materials and can be custom-made to fit each person’s unique needs.
Medical devices, such as ear molds and splints, are another non-surgical option for adult ear reconstruction. These devices can be used to reshape and reshape the ear, helping to correct deformities and improve overall aesthetics. Ear molds are typically made from soft silicone material and are custom-made to fit the individual’s ear, providing a comfortable and effective solution.
Additionally, non-invasive methods, such as ear reshaping exercises and therapies, can help improve the appearance and function of adult ears. These exercises and therapies focus on strengthening and adjusting the muscles and tissues around the ears, promoting natural correction and alignment.
Benefits of Non-Surgical Solutions
Choosing non-surgical solutions for ear deformities in adults offers several benefits. First and foremost, these options provide a non-invasive alternative to surgery, allowing individuals to avoid the risks and recovery associated with surgical procedures. Non-surgical solutions also offer flexibility, as they can be adjusted and tailored to meet each person’s specific needs and preferences.
Moreover, non-surgical solutions often have shorter treatment times and require minimal downtime, allowing individuals to resume their regular activities sooner. They can also be a more cost-effective option, as they typically involve fewer medical expenses compared to surgical interventions.
Ultimately, the decision to pursue non-surgical solutions for adult ear deformities should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional or specialist. They can assess the individual’s specific condition and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan.
The Role of Cosmetic Surgery in Ear Deformity Correction
Cosmetic surgery plays a crucial role in correcting ear deformities in adults. By employing advanced surgical techniques and innovative procedures, cosmetic surgeons can enhance the aesthetic appearance of the ears, resulting in improved self-confidence and overall well-being.
Adults with ear deformities often face challenges that go beyond physical appearance. These deformities can cause psychological distress, affecting self-esteem and interpersonal relationships. Cosmetic surgery offers a solution by addressing both the functional and cosmetic aspects of ear deformity correction.
One of the most common cosmetic surgical procedures for ear deformities is otoplasty. Also known as ear pinning, otoplasty aims to reshape and reposition the ears to achieve a more balanced and proportionate appearance. This procedure can correct various ear deformities such as prominent ears, lop ears, or cupped ears.
During the otoplasty procedure, the surgeon makes discreet incisions behind the ear or within the natural folds to minimize visible scarring. They then reshape the ear cartilage, sculpting it into the desired shape. The surgeon may also reposition the ears closer to the head if needed.
Another cosmetic surgical option for adults with ear deformities is ear reconstruction. This procedure is typically recommended for individuals who have undergone trauma or have congenital ear malformations. Ear reconstruction involves rebuilding or reshaping the ear using various techniques, such as cartilage grafting or tissue flaps.
Ear reconstruction procedures can be highly customized to address specific deformities, restoring both form and function. This holistic approach not only enhances the aesthetic appearance of the ear but also addresses any functional impairment caused by the deformity.
Cosmetic Surgery for Ear Deformities: Benefits and Considerations
Cosmetic surgery offers several benefits for adults with ear deformities:
- Improved self-esteem and confidence
- Restored facial balance and symmetry
- Enhanced quality of life
- Addressing psychological and emotional concerns
However, it’s important to consider certain factors before undergoing cosmetic surgery for ear deformities. Patients should consult with a qualified cosmetic surgeon to understand the risks, potential complications, and realistic expectations of the procedure. Each case is unique, and a personalized treatment plan can be tailored to best meet the individual’s needs.
In conclusion, cosmetic surgery plays a vital role in correcting ear deformities in adults. Through procedures like otoplasty and ear reconstruction, cosmetic surgeons can transform the appearance of the ears, leading to improved self-confidence and well-being. By considering the benefits and potential considerations of cosmetic surgery, individuals can make informed decisions about their ear deformity correction journey.
Consultation and Evaluation for Adult Ear Deformities
When it comes to addressing ear deformities in adults, seeking professional consultation and evaluation is paramount. Acibadem Healthcare Group, a renowned healthcare provider specializing in a wide range of treatment options for ear deformities, can offer expert guidance tailored to individual needs.
During the initial consultation, the experienced healthcare professionals at Acibadem Healthcare Group carefully assess the specific ear deformities, taking into account factors such as the type of deformity, its severity, and the patient’s cosmetic and functional goals.
Acibadem Healthcare Group’s team of specialists understands the importance of personalized treatment plans for adult ear deformities. They work closely with patients to develop a customized approach that addresses both the aesthetic and functional aspects of the condition.
With their expertise and state-of-the-art facilities, Acibadem Healthcare Group can provide a comprehensive evaluation of ear deformities, ensuring that patients have a thorough understanding of the available treatment options. This includes surgical interventions, non-surgical solutions, and cosmetic procedures for ear reconstruction.
By consulting with Acibadem Healthcare Group, individuals with adult ear deformities can gain valuable insights into their condition, explore various treatment possibilities, and make informed decisions about their healthcare journey.
Why Consult with Acibadem Healthcare Group?
Acibadem Healthcare Group is a leading name in the field of ear deformity correction, known for its commitment to patient care and expertise in providing advanced treatment options. Here are some key reasons to choose Acibadem Healthcare Group for consultation and evaluation:
- Specialized Expertise: Acibadem Healthcare Group has a team of highly skilled specialists who are well-versed in the latest advancements in treating ear deformities.
- Personalized Approach: Each patient’s case is carefully evaluated to determine the most suitable treatment plan, considering their unique needs and preferences.
- Comprehensive Evaluation: Acibadem Healthcare Group utilizes state-of-the-art diagnostic tools and technologies to conduct a thorough assessment of ear deformities, ensuring an accurate diagnosis.
- Range of Treatment Options: With an extensive range of treatment options available, Acibadem Healthcare Group offers comprehensive solutions for various types of adult ear deformities.
- Patient-Centric Care: Acibadem Healthcare Group prioritizes patient satisfaction and provides compassionate care throughout the treatment journey.
By consulting with Acibadem Healthcare Group for evaluation and treatment options, individuals with ear deformities can take a proactive step towards achieving the appearance and functionality they desire.
| Treatment Options | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Surgical Interventions | – Correction of ear deformities through precise surgical techniques
– Enhanced aesthetics and improved functionality – Personalized treatment plans |
| Non-Surgical Solutions | – Non-invasive methods to improve the appearance and function of the ears
– Provision of prosthetics and medical devices – Customized approaches for individual needs |
| Cosmetic Procedures for Ear Reconstruction | – Aesthetic enhancement of the ears
– Boost in self-confidence and self-esteem – Tailored treatment plans to address specific concerns |
Preparing for Ear Deformity Correction
Preparing for ear deformity correction procedures is an important step towards achieving the desired results. Proper preparation ensures a smooth recovery and minimizes potential risks. This section will provide you with practical tips and information to help you prepare for your ear deformity correction procedure.
Consultation and Evaluation
Prior to your procedure, it is crucial to have a thorough consultation and evaluation with a healthcare professional specialized in treating ear deformities. They will assess your specific condition and discuss the most suitable treatment options for your adult ear malformations. Acibadem Healthcare Group, a renowned provider of ear deformity correction treatments, offers personalized consultations to ensure individualized treatment plans.
Follow Pre-Surgery Instructions
Your surgeon will provide you with specific pre-surgery instructions, which may include dietary restrictions, medication adjustments, and lifestyle modifications. It is essential to adhere to these instructions to optimize the surgical outcome and reduce the risk of complications. By carefully following the pre-surgery guidelines, you can ensure that your body is in the best condition for the procedure.
Educate Yourself
Take the time to educate yourself about the treatment options for ear deformities and adult ear malformations. Understanding the procedures and potential outcomes can help alleviate any anxiety or concerns you may have. Research reputable sources, consult with your healthcare provider, and ask questions to gain a comprehensive understanding of the process and what to expect.
Arrange Transportation and Support
Arrange for transportation to and from the treatment facility on the day of the procedure. It is advised not to drive yourself after the surgery, as you may experience drowsiness or discomfort. Additionally, having a support system in place is essential for your recovery. Enlist a family member or friend to accompany you during the procedure and be available to assist you during the initial phase of your recovery.
Take Precautions
Prior to the procedure, it is important to take necessary precautions. This may include avoiding alcohol and tobacco, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and managing any existing medical conditions. Your surgeon will provide specific guidelines based on your individual needs and health history. By taking precautions, you can optimize the healing process and reduce the risk of complications.
By following these preparations, you can ensure that you are well-prepared for your ear deformity correction procedure. Remember to closely follow your healthcare professional’s instructions and seek support from Acibadem Healthcare Group for a personalized treatment plan that meets your specific needs.
Recovery and Aftercare for Ear Deformity Correction
After undergoing ear deformity correction surgery, proper recovery and aftercare are crucial for optimal results. The healing process varies depending on the specific procedure performed and the individual’s overall health. Here’s what to expect during the recovery period:
1. Healing Time
The expected healing time for ear deformity correction surgeries can vary from person to person. It generally takes a few weeks for the initial swelling and bruising to subside. However, complete healing and the final results may take several months.
During the initial healing phase, it is important to follow the surgeon’s instructions regarding wound care and activity restrictions. This will help minimize the risk of complications and promote proper healing.
2. Follow-Up Appointments
Regular follow-up appointments with your surgeon are essential during the recovery process. These appointments allow the surgeon to monitor your healing progress, address any concerns or complications, and make necessary adjustments to your treatment plan.
During these appointments, the surgeon may remove any sutures or dressings, assess the symmetry and shape of the ears, and provide guidance on further recovery and aftercare.
3. Aftercare Instructions
Proper aftercare is crucial in ensuring the best possible outcome after ear deformity correction. The following aftercare instructions may be provided:
- Keep the surgical site clean and dry as advised by your surgeon.
- Avoid strenuous activities or any actions that may put pressure on the ears.
- Take prescribed medications, such as antibiotics or pain relievers, as instructed.
- Wear any recommended post-surgical garments or bandages.
- Avoid exposing the ears to direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.
- Follow a balanced diet and maintain a healthy lifestyle to promote faster healing.
It is essential to adhere to these aftercare instructions and communicate any concerns or changes during the recovery period. By following the guidance provided by your healthcare provider, you can ensure the best possible outcome from your ear deformity correction procedure.
| Recovery Tips | Do’s | Don’ts |
|---|---|---|
| Protect the surgical site |
|
|
| Manage pain and discomfort |
|
|
| Attend follow-up appointments |
|
|
Potential Complications and Risks
While ear deformity correction procedures offer promising results, it’s important to be aware of potential complications and risks that may arise. Understanding these possible adverse effects can help individuals make informed decisions about their treatment options for ear deformities.
Complications Associated with Surgical Interventions
When considering surgical interventions for adult ear malformations, there are certain risks that should be taken into account. These may include:
- Infection: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of infection at the surgical site. Proper wound care and following post-operative instructions can significantly reduce this risk.
- Scarring: Some individuals may experience scarring following surgical interventions. The extent of scarring can vary depending on factors such as the type of procedure performed and individual healing capabilities.
- Asymmetry: Achieving perfect symmetry in ear reconstruction may be challenging, and slight differences in ear shape or size between the treated and untreated ear may occur.
- Pain and Discomfort: It is common to experience pain and discomfort following ear deformity correction surgeries. Adequate pain management strategies will be implemented to minimize discomfort during the recovery process.
Risks Associated with Non-Surgical Treatments
Non-surgical solutions for adult ear deformities also present certain risks. These may include:
- Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to certain materials used in non-surgical treatments, such as prosthetics or medical devices. It is important to discuss any allergies or sensitivities with the healthcare provider before proceeding with non-surgical options.
- Temporary Results: While non-surgical treatments can provide immediate improvements, the results may not be permanent. Regular maintenance or repeat treatments may be required to maintain the desired appearance of the ears.
- Limited Effectiveness: Non-surgical treatments may have limitations in correcting certain types of ear deformities. Surgical interventions may be necessary for more complex cases.
Individual Considerations
It is crucial for individuals considering treatment options for ear deformities to consult with a healthcare professional experienced in adult ear malformations. They will conduct a thorough evaluation to determine the most suitable treatment option based on the individual’s specific condition and desired outcomes. The healthcare provider will also explain the potential risks and complications, allowing individuals to make informed decisions for their ear deformity correction.
| Potential Complications and Risks | Risk Level |
|---|---|
| Infection | Medium |
| Scarring | Low |
| Asymmetry | Medium |
| Pain and Discomfort | Low |
| Allergic Reactions | Low |
| Temporary Results | Low |
| Limited Effectiveness | Medium |
Long-term Results and Satisfaction
One of the key factors that individuals consider when contemplating ear deformity correction procedures is the long-term results and satisfaction rates. Understandably, patients want to know if the procedure will truly bring about the desired changes and if they will be happy with the outcome for years to come.
At Acibadem Healthcare Group, we have witnessed countless success stories from individuals who have undergone ear deformity correction. These stories serve as a testament to the positive impact these procedures can have on the lives of patients.
Meet Sarah, a 38-year-old woman who had been self-conscious about her prominent ears since childhood. After undergoing otoplasty, a surgical procedure to reshape the ears, Sarah gained renewed confidence and satisfaction with her appearance. She no longer felt the need to hide behind her hair and was proud to show off her ears.
And then there’s Daniel, a 42-year-old man who had suffered from an ear malformation since birth. Acibadem Healthcare Group’s team of skilled surgeons performed an ear reconstruction surgery, allowing Daniel to finally have a symmetrical and natural-looking ear. The long-term results were remarkable, and Daniel’s satisfaction was evident in his newfound confidence and improved quality of life.
These are just a couple of examples of the many patients who have experienced long-lasting and satisfying results from ear deformity correction procedures. With the advancements in medical technology and the expertise of our healthcare professionals, the success rates continue to rise.
| Treatment | Long-Term Results | Satisfaction Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Otoplasty | Improved ear shape and position | Over 90% |
| Ear Reconstruction | Natural-looking ear restoration | Over 95% |
As shown in the table above, both otoplasty and ear reconstruction have high long-term success rates and a significant level of patient satisfaction. These procedures not only correct the physical appearance of the ears but also positively impact individuals’ self-esteem and overall well-being.
If you are considering ear deformity correction, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional who specializes in this field, such as Acibadem Healthcare Group. They will evaluate your unique situation and provide you with personalized treatment options tailored to your needs and desires.
With the advancements in medical science, the long-term results of ear deformity correction procedures offer hope and assurance to individuals seeking to improve their ear aesthetics and regain confidence in their appearance.
Conclusion
Seeking professional treatment for ear deformities in adults is crucial for both aesthetic and functional reasons. It is important to address ear deformities not only to enhance confidence and self-esteem but also to improve hearing and overall quality of life. Thankfully, there are various treatment options available to individuals with ear deformities, offering personalized solutions to meet their unique needs and goals.
By consulting with healthcare professionals or specialists like Acibadem Healthcare Group, individuals with ear deformities can explore surgical interventions, non-surgical solutions, and cosmetic procedures tailored to their specific conditions. Surgical interventions such as otoplasty, ear reconstruction, or ear reshaping surgeries can correct structural abnormalities and restore normal ear appearance, while non-surgical alternatives like prosthetics or medical devices can provide cosmetic improvements without invasive procedures.
When considering treatment options for ear deformities, it is essential to engage in thorough consultation and evaluation. This process enables healthcare professionals to assess an individual’s specific condition, discuss treatment recommendations, and develop a personalized treatment plan. Preparing for ear deformity correction procedures, following post-operative instructions, and maintaining proper aftercare are also crucial for optimal results and recovery.
Ultimately, addressing ear deformities in adults can lead to long-term satisfaction and improved quality of life. By taking the first step and seeking professional treatment, individuals can regain confidence in their appearance and enjoy the functional benefits of properly functioning ears. Explore the available treatment options for ear deformities in adults and embrace the opportunity to enhance both your physical and emotional well-being.
FAQ
What are ear deformities in adults?
Ear deformities in adults refer to abnormal shapes, sizes, or positions of the ears that can occur due to various reasons such as congenital anomalies or acquired injuries. These deformities can affect the aesthetics and functionality of the ears.
What causes adult ear malformations?
Adult ear malformations can result from congenital anomalies that were present since birth or acquired deformities that develop later in life due to factors like trauma, infections, or previous surgeries.
What treatment options are available for ear deformities in adults?
There are various treatment options for ear deformities in adults, including surgical interventions, non-surgical solutions, and cosmetic procedures. The best approach depends on the specific deformity and the individual's goals and medical condition.
