Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids Explained
Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids Explained Childhood lymphoma is a relatively rare form of cancer that affects the lymphatic system, which plays a crucial role in the body’s immune system. Identifying the symptoms of lymphoma in children is essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Pediatric lymphoma symptoms may vary, but it’s crucial for parents and caregivers to be aware of the warning signs. Early detection increases the chances of successful treatment and a positive prognosis. In this article, we will explore the different types of lymphoma in children, common symptoms to look out for, and the diagnostic and treatment options available.
Recognizing the signs of lymphoma in kids requires vigilance and knowledge. By understanding the early indicators of pediatric lymphoma, you can take prompt action and ensure your child receives the necessary medical attention. Let’s dive in and learn more about the early signs and symptoms of lymphoma in children.
Get Free Consultation
Understanding Lymphoma in Children
In this section, we will explore the key aspects of lymphoma in children, including its definition, impact on pediatric patients, and the different types of lymphoma that can occur in this age group. We will also examine the common risk factors associated with lymphoma in kids, enabling parents and caregivers to recognize the red flags and seek early medical intervention.
What is Lymphoma?
Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is a vital part of the body’s immune system. It occurs when abnormal white blood cells, known as lymphocytes, grow uncontrollably.
How Lymphoma Affects Children
Lymphoma can affect children of all ages, but it is more commonly diagnosed in teenagers and young adults. While the causes of lymphoma in children are not yet fully understood, medical experts believe that genetic predisposition, certain infections, and exposure to radiation or chemotherapy are among the contributing factors.
ACIBADEM Health Point: Your Health is Our Priority!
ACIBADEM Health Point, we are dedicated to providing exceptional healthcare services to our patients. With a team of highly skilled medical professionals and state-of-the-art facilities, we strive to deliver the highest standard of care to improve the health and well-being of our patients. What sets ACIBADEM Health Point apart is our patient-centered approach. We prioritize your comfort, safety, and satisfaction throughout your healthcare journey. Our compassionate staff ensures that you receive personalized care tailored to your unique needs, making your experience with us as seamless and comfortable as possible.Types of Lymphoma in Children
Lymphoma in children can be classified into two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Hodgkin Lymphoma:Â This type of lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, specific abnormal cells that are found in the lymph nodes. Hodgkin lymphoma is less common in children compared to adults but can still occur. It often presents with specific symptoms, such as enlarged lymph nodes, weight loss, and persistent fever.
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma:Â Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a more common type of lymphoma in children. It can originate from various types of lymphocytes and can occur in different parts of the body. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma may have different subtypes, each with its own characteristics and treatment approaches.
Recognizing Lymphoma in Kids: Red Flags and Risk Factors
Recognizing the early signs of lymphoma in children is crucial for early detection and prompt treatment. Parents and caregivers should be aware of the following childhood lymphoma red flags:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Persistent fatigue and weakness
- Unexplained fever
- Night sweats
- Unexplained bruising or bleeding
While these symptoms may not always indicate lymphoma, they should not be ignored. Consulting a healthcare professional for further evaluation and diagnosis is essential to ensure the well-being of the child.
Types of Lymphoma in Children
Children can be affected by different types of lymphoma, with two of the most common types being Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although both types of lymphoma involve abnormal cell growth in the lymphatic system, they present with distinct symptoms and require different treatment approaches.
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma usually occurs in older children and teenagers and is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large abnormal cells found in the lymph nodes. The symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma can vary but often include:
- Painless swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin
- Fever and chills
- Night sweats
- Unexplained weight loss
- Decreased appetite
- Fatigue
In some cases, Hodgkin lymphoma may also cause itching, coughing, or difficulty breathing if the lymph nodes around the chest are affected.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in younger children and can develop in different parts of the lymphatic system, such as lymph nodes, tonsils, or the thymus gland. The symptoms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma can vary depending on the specific subtype, but they may include:
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Fever
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fatigue
- Abdominal pain or swelling
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma can also cause other symptoms, such as skin rash, bone pain, difficulty breathing, or neurological symptoms if it spreads to other organs or tissues.
It’s important for parents to be aware of these symptoms and seek medical attention if their child experiences persistent or concerning symptoms that could indicate lymphoma. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis for children with lymphoma.Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids Explained
Common Symptoms of Lymphoma in Kids
Early detection of lymphoma in children is crucial for the successful management and treatment of the disease. Being aware of the common signs and symptoms can help parents and caregivers recognize potential red flags and seek medical attention promptly. Here are some of the key symptoms to watch out for:
1. Swollen Lymph Nodes
Swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck, armpits, or groin, can be an early indicator of lymphoma in children. These lumps may or may not cause pain and tenderness. It’s important to note that lymph nodes can also become swollen due to other infections, so medical evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause.
2. Unexplained Weight Loss
If a child experiences significant weight loss without any apparent reason or changes in their diet or physical activity, it could be a cause for concern. Unexplained weight loss can be one of the early signs of pediatric lymphoma.
3. Persistent Fatigue
Extreme fatigue or tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest is another symptom that parents should take note of. Children with lymphoma may feel excessively tired and lack energy even after getting enough sleep.
4. Recurrent Infections
Children with lymphoma may have an increased susceptibility to infections due to the compromised immune system. Frequent or recurrent infections, such as respiratory or ear infections, should not be ignored and may warrant further investigation.
5. Fever and Night Sweats
Intermittent or persistent fever, especially along with night sweats, can be a potential indication of lymphoma. If a child experiences unexplained fever or night sweats, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional.
6. Abdominal Pain and Bloating
Abdominal pain, bloating, or a feeling of fullness can occur in children with lymphoma, particularly if the disease involves the abdominal organs.
7. Loss of Appetite
Changes in appetite, such as a significant decrease in hunger or loss of interest in food, can be a symptom of lymphoma in children. It is advised to seek medical advice if a child’s appetite changes persist for an extended period.
8. Bone and Joint Pain
In some cases, lymphoma can manifest as bone and joint pain in children. If a child complains of persistent pain in the bones or joints, it should not be overlooked and further evaluation is warranted.
It’s important to remember that these symptoms can also be associated with other medical conditions. However, if a child exhibits one or more of these symptoms persistently, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.
| Symptom | Description |
|---|---|
| Swollen Lymph Nodes | Enlarged and tender lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin |
| Unexplained Weight Loss | Significant weight loss without changes in diet or physical activity |
| Persistent Fatigue | Excessive tiredness that doesn’t improve with rest |
| Recurrent Infections | Frequent or repeated infections due to a compromised immune system |
| Fever and Night Sweats | Intermittent or persistent fever, accompanied by night sweats |
| Abdominal Pain and Bloating | Pain or discomfort in the abdominal area, along with bloating or fullness |
| Loss of Appetite | Decreased hunger or loss of interest in food |
| Bone and Joint Pain | Persistent pain in the bones or joints |
Physical Signs to Look Out For
Recognizing lymphoma in kids can be challenging, as the symptoms can often be mistaken for common childhood ailments. However, being aware of the physical signs associated with lymphoma can help parents take prompt action and seek medical attention for their child. Here are some physical signs to look out for:
1. Enlarged Lymph Nodes:
Lymphoma can cause the lymph nodes to swell and become tender. Common areas where enlarged lymph nodes are noticeable include the neck, armpits, and groin.
2. Night Sweats:
Excessive sweating during the night, even when the room is cool, can be a warning sign of lymphoma in children. Night sweats are often drenching and require changing bedsheets or pajamas.
3. Unexplained Bruising or Bleeding:
If your child frequently experiences unexplained bruising or bleeding, it is important to consult a healthcare professional. Lymphoma can affect the body’s ability to clot blood, leading to easy bruising or unexplained bleeding from the nose or gums.
4. Fatigue and Weakness:
Lymphoma can cause persistent fatigue and weakness in children. If your child is excessively tired, lacks energy, or experiences unexplained weakness, it is advisable to seek medical advice.
5. Abdominal Swelling and Pain:
In some cases, lymphoma can cause swelling or pain in the abdomen. If your child complains of persistent abdominal discomfort or you notice unexplained swelling, it is essential to have it evaluated by a healthcare professional.
While these physical signs can indicate the presence of lymphoma in children, it is important to remember that they can also be associated with other conditions. Prompt medical evaluation by a pediatrician or oncologist is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if any concerns arise.Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids Explained
Behavioral Changes and Other Indicators
Recognizing the early signs of pediatric lymphoma is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. While physical symptoms like swollen lymph nodes and unexplained weight loss are commonly associated with lymphoma in children, it’s important to be aware of behavioral changes and other indicators that may indicate the presence of this condition.
Parents should pay attention to any noticeable irritability or changes in appetite in their children. These behavioral changes can sometimes be indicative of an underlying health issue, including lymphoma. If your child’s behavior seems out of the ordinary or persists over time, it’s essential to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
Furthermore, unexplained pain can also be a red flag for pediatric lymphoma. Children with lymphoma may experience persistent pain, particularly in the affected areas such as the abdomen or bones. It’s crucial to take note of any unexplained pain or discomfort your child expresses and share this information with their healthcare provider.
In addition to these behavioral changes, there are other less common indicators of lymphoma in kids that may be easily overlooked. These can include:
- Unexplained fevers that last for an extended period
- Recurrent infections or illnesses
- Night sweats that aren’t related to temperature or bedding
- Unexplained bruising or bleeding
If you notice any of these indicators or behavioral changes in your child, it’s important not to dismiss them. While these symptoms may have other possible explanations, they should be evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying health conditions, including pediatric lymphoma.
Diagnostic Process for Childhood Lymphoma
Diagnosing childhood lymphoma requires a comprehensive approach that combines various medical tests and procedures. Early detection is crucial in ensuring timely treatment and improved outcomes for pediatric patients. Let’s explore the diagnostic process involved in identifying childhood lymphoma.
Physical Exams
During a physical exam, a healthcare professional will carefully examine the child for any visible signs or symptoms of lymphoma. They will check for enlarged lymph nodes, abnormal masses, and other physical manifestations that may indicate the presence of cancer.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests play a pivotal role in diagnosing childhood lymphoma. These tests provide detailed images of the body’s internal structures, helping doctors identify the extent and location of the cancer. Common imaging tests include:
- X-ray: This test uses low levels of radiation to produce images of the body’s structures. It can help detect tumors in the chest or bones.
- Computed Tomography (CT) Scan:Â The CT scan combines multiple X-ray images to create cross-sectional images of the body. It offers a more detailed view of the lymph nodes, organs, and tissues.
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): This test uses powerful magnets and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body’s structures. It is particularly useful in evaluating the brain and spinal cord.
- PET-CT Scan:Â This test combines positron emission tomography (PET) and CT imaging. It can help identify areas of increased metabolic activity, indicating the presence of cancer cells.
Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids Explained: Biopsies
A biopsy is a definitive procedure that involves the removal of a small sample of tissue or fluid for examination under a microscope. It is the most reliable method for confirming a diagnosis of childhood lymphoma. There are different types of biopsies that may be performed, depending on the suspected location of the cancer:
- Excisional Biopsy:Â In this procedure, the surgeon removes an entire lymph node or abnormal mass.
- Incisional Biopsy:Â This biopsy involves removing only a portion of the lymph node or mass for examination.
- Needle Biopsy:Â This procedure uses a thin needle to extract cells or a small sample of tissue from the lymph node or mass.
Laboratory Tests
In addition to imaging studies and biopsies, laboratory tests are essential for diagnosing childhood lymphoma. These tests analyze blood samples, bone marrow samples, and other bodily fluids to detect specific markers and abnormalities associated with lymphoma.
The diagnostic process for childhood lymphoma involves collaboration between various healthcare professionals, including pediatric oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists. Their expertise and the combination of different diagnostic tools enable accurate detection and classification of lymphoma in children.
| Diagnostic Process | Advantages |
|---|---|
| Physical Exams | Directly assess visible signs and symptoms |
| Imaging Tests | Provide detailed images of affected areas |
| Biopsies | Definitive diagnosis through microscopic examination |
| Laboratory Tests | Detect specific markers and abnormalities |
Treatment Options for Pediatric Lymphoma
For children diagnosed with lymphoma, prompt and effective treatment is crucial for their well-being and long-term prognosis. The treatment approach will depend on factors such as the type and stage of the lymphoma, as well as the overall health of the child. Pediatric oncologists will create personalized treatment plans that may include a combination of the following options:
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves the use of powerful medications to target and destroy cancer cells throughout the body. It is often the primary treatment for pediatric lymphoma and may be administered orally, intravenously, or through other methods. Chemotherapy drugs are designed to kill rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. This treatment is typically administered externally, targeting specific areas of the body affected by lymphoma. Radiation therapy may be used in conjunction with other treatments, such as chemotherapy, to achieve the best possible outcome.
Stem Cell Transplantation
In certain cases, stem cell transplantation may be recommended for children with lymphoma. This procedure involves replacing damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy stem cells. The transplanted stem cells can then develop into healthy blood cells, helping to restore the immune system and promote recovery.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy is a type of treatment that specifically targets cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. It works by interfering with specific molecules or pathways involved in the growth and survival of cancer cells. This approach may be used in combination with other treatments or as a standalone option, depending on the individual situation.Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids Explained
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials offer access to cutting-edge treatments and new therapies that are still being evaluated. Participation in a clinical trial may be an option for some children with lymphoma, providing an opportunity to receive innovative treatments that could potentially improve outcomes.
Treatment Options for Pediatric Lymphoma
| Treatment Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemotherapy | Powerful medications that kill cancer cells throughout the body. |
| Radiation Therapy | High-energy X-rays or radiation that kills cancer cells and shrinks tumors. |
| Stem Cell Transplantation | Replacement of damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells to restore the immune system. |
| Targeted Therapy | Treatment that specifically targets cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells. |
| Clinical Trials | Opportunity to receive innovative treatments through research studies and trials. |
It’s important to note that the choice of treatment will depend on several factors, including the specific characteristics of the lymphoma and the individual needs of the child. Pediatric oncologists and healthcare teams will work closely with parents to determine the most appropriate treatment plan and provide ongoing support throughout the process.
Outlook and Prognosis for Children with Lymphoma
When it comes to childhood lymphoma, the prognosis can vary depending on various factors, such as the type and stage of the disease, the child’s overall health, and the response to treatment. While receiving a lymphoma diagnosis can be overwhelming for parents, it’s important to remember that advances in medical technology and treatment options have significantly improved outcomes for pediatric patients.
Survival rates for childhood lymphoma have steadily increased over the years, with overall 5-year survival rates ranging from 90% to 95% in certain cases. However, it’s crucial to note that each child’s journey is unique, and individual outcomes may differ.
Treatment Response and Disease Stage
The response to treatment plays a key role in determining the prognosis for children with lymphoma. In most cases, pediatric lymphomas are highly treatable, especially when diagnosed at an early stage. The effectiveness of treatment is often evaluated by monitoring the reduction in tumor size, and children who respond well generally have better long-term outcomes.
Additionally, the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis can impact prognosis. Lymphoma is classified into four stages, ranging from stage I (localized disease) to stage IV (widespread disease). Children with early-stage lymphoma typically have more favorable outcomes compared to those diagnosed with advanced stages.
Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids Explained : Long-Term Effects of Treatment
While the primary goal of treatment is to cure the lymphoma, it’s important to consider the potential long-term effects that may arise as a result of therapy. Depending on the treatment modalities used, children may experience side effects such as fertility issues, organ damage, or an increased risk of secondary cancers in the future. It’s critical for healthcare providers to closely monitor and manage these potential complications throughout the child’s life.
It’s worth mentioning that research and advancements in supportive care have significantly mitigated the long-term effects of lymphoma treatment for many children. Healthcare professionals work closely with families to minimize risks and provide necessary interventions to ensure the best possible outcomes.
Individualized Support and Care
Every child diagnosed with lymphoma deserves comprehensive support and care throughout their journey. Pediatric oncologists, psychologists, and other healthcare providers collaborate to create individualized treatment plans that prioritize the child’s well-being and quality of life.
It’s essential for parents to maintain open communication with the medical team, ask questions, and seek clarification regarding their child’s prognosis and treatment options. Supportive resources and organizations, such as the American Childhood Cancer Organization (ACCO) and the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, can provide valuable information and connect families with support networks.
In the next section, we will explore practical ways that parents and caregivers can support a child undergoing treatment for lymphoma and how to navigate the challenges they may encounter.
Supporting a Child with Lymphoma
When a child is diagnosed with lymphoma, it can be an overwhelming and challenging time for both the child and their family. However, with the right support, it is possible to navigate through this difficult journey and help the child thrive. Here are some essential ways parents and caregivers can support a child undergoing treatment for lymphoma:
Emotional Support
Providing emotional support is crucial during this time. It’s important to create a safe and open environment for the child to express their feelings and fears. Encourage them to ask questions and openly discuss their concerns while offering reassurance and love. Consider involving a child psychologist or counselor to provide additional emotional guidance and support.Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids Explained
Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle
A healthy lifestyle is crucial for a child’s well-being during lymphoma treatment. Ensuring they eat a nutritious diet can help support their immune system and aid in recovery. Encourage regular exercise as tolerated, following medical advice, to promote physical strength and overall well-being. Additionally, make sure they get enough rest and manage their stress levels to optimize their healing process.
Coping Strategies for the Entire Family
Lymphoma treatment affects the entire family, so it’s important to have coping strategies in place. Engage in open and honest communication, allowing each family member to share and process their emotions. Consider seeking support from support groups or online communities where you can connect with other families going through similar experiences. Remember to take care of yourself and practice self-care, as you’ll be better equipped to support your child when you prioritize your own well-being.
By providing emotional support, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and implementing coping strategies for the entire family, parents and caregivers can help their child face lymphoma with strength and resilience. While it may be a challenging journey, remember that you are not alone, and there is support available to guide you every step of the way.
Conclusion
Early recognition of the signs of lymphoma in children is crucial for a timely diagnosis and effective treatment. Pediatric lymphoma symptoms can vary, but common indicators include swollen lymph nodes, unexplained weight loss, and persistent fatigue. Other physical signs to look out for include night sweats and unexplained bruising or bleeding. Additionally, behavioral changes such as irritability and changes in appetite may also be red flags for lymphoma in kids.
If you suspect that your child may have lymphoma, it is important to seek prompt medical attention. The diagnostic process for childhood lymphoma typically involves physical exams, imaging tests, and biopsies to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options for pediatric lymphoma may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplantation. It is crucial to work closely with a healthcare team to develop a personalized treatment plan for your child.Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids ExplainedÂ
While the outlook for children with lymphoma has significantly improved over the years, it is important to understand the potential long-term effects of treatment. Prognosis can vary depending on the type and stage of lymphoma, and survival rates differ for different subtypes. However, with early detection and appropriate treatment, many children with lymphoma can achieve favorable outcomes.
Supporting a child with lymphoma is essential throughout the treatment process. Providing emotional support, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and seeking support from organizations and other families can help navigate the challenges of childhood lymphoma. Remember, early detection and prompt medical attention are key to effectively managing lymphoma in kids, ensuring the best possible outcomes.
Early Signs of Lymphoma in Kids Explained: FAQ
What are the early signs of lymphoma in kids?
The early signs of lymphoma in children can vary, but common symptoms include swollen lymph nodes that don't go away, unexplained weight loss, persistent fatigue, and night sweats. It's important to seek medical attention if you notice these symptoms in your child.
How can I recognize lymphoma in my child?
Recognizing lymphoma in kids can be challenging, as the symptoms can be similar to other illnesses. However, if your child experiences unexplained swelling or lumps, recurrent fevers, unexplained bruises or bleeding, and persistent pain, it may be worth consulting a healthcare professional for further evaluation.
What is the diagnosis process for childhood lymphoma?
The diagnostic process for childhood lymphoma usually starts with a physical exam to assess symptoms and check for swollen lymph nodes. Diagnostic tests such as blood tests, imaging scans, and a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. It's important to have a healthcare professional guide you through this process.
What treatment options are available for pediatric lymphoma?
Treatment options for pediatric lymphoma may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and, in some cases, stem cell transplantation. The specific treatment plan will vary depending on the type and stage of lymphoma the child has. A healthcare professional will develop a personalized treatment approach for each child.
What is the outlook for children with lymphoma?
The prognosis for children with lymphoma can vary depending on various factors such as the type and stage of lymphoma, the child's overall health, and the response to treatment. With early detection and appropriate treatment, the survival rates for pediatric lymphoma have significantly improved over the years.
How can I support my child with lymphoma?
Supporting a child with lymphoma involves providing emotional support, creating a nurturing environment, and ensuring they have access to proper medical care. It's also important to maintain open communication with the healthcare team, follow the recommended treatment plan, and seek support from support groups or counseling services.
Should I be concerned if my child has swollen lymph nodes?
While swollen lymph nodes can be a common symptom associated with infections, it's essential to be vigilant if the swelling persists or is accompanied by other symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, or unexplained pain. If you're concerned, consult a healthcare professional to rule out any underlying medical conditions.
Are there any specific risk factors for lymphoma in children?
While the exact cause of lymphoma in children is often unknown, certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing the condition. These include having a weakened immune system, undergoing certain medical treatments, and having a family history of lymphoma or other blood cancers. It's important to discuss any concerns with a healthcare professional.
Can lymphoma in children be cured?
Many cases of lymphoma in children can be successfully treated, and the chances of a cure are generally higher compared to adults. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment play a crucial role in improving the prognosis and increasing the chances of a complete recovery.
What should I do if I suspect my child has lymphoma?
If you suspect that your child may have lymphoma based on the presence of persistent symptoms or concerning signs, it's important to consult a healthcare professional promptly. They can evaluate your child's symptoms, perform necessary tests, and guide you through the diagnosis and treatment process.
ACIBADEM Healthcare Group Hospitals and Clinics
With a network of hospitals and clinics across 5 countries, including 40 hospitals, ACIBADEM Healthcare Group has a global presence that allows us to provide comprehensive healthcare services to patients from around the world. With over 25,000 dedicated employees, we have the expertise and resources to deliver unparalleled healthcare experiences. Our mission is to ensure that each patient receives the best possible care, supported by our commitment to healthcare excellence and international healthcare standards. Ready to take the first step towards a healthier future? Contact us now to schedule your Free Consultation Health session. Our friendly team is eager to assist you and provide the guidance you need to make informed decisions about your well-being. Click To Call Now!*The information on our website is not intended to direct people to diagnosis and treatment. Do not carry out all your diagnosis and treatment procedures without consulting your doctor. The contents do not contain information about the therapeutic health services of Acıbadem Health Group.
