Effective Diastasis Recti Therapy Solutions
Effective Diastasis Recti Therapy Solutions Diastasis recti, a condition characterized by abdominal separation after pregnancy, can be effectively treated through diastasis recti therapy. This therapy focuses on addressing the separation and strengthening the postpartum core to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.
Understanding Diastasis Recti
Diastasis recti is a condition characterized by the separation of the abdominal muscles, specifically the rectus abdominis muscles, which are commonly referred to as the “six-pack” muscles. This separation occurs when the connective tissue, known as the linea alba, that holds the muscles together becomes weakened or stretched during pregnancy or due to other factors.
One of the primary causes of diastasis recti is pregnancy, as the growing uterus puts pressure on the abdominal muscles and stretches the connective tissue. However, diastasis recti can also occur in men and women who have never been pregnant, often as a result of excessive intra-abdominal pressure from activities like weightlifting or chronic coughing.
Common symptoms of diastasis recti include a visible gap or bulge in the midline of the abdomen, particularly when engaging the abdominal muscles, such as during a sit-up or when getting out of bed. Other symptoms may include lower back pain, pelvic floor dysfunction, and poor posture.
It’s important to seek therapy for diastasis recti to address the condition and alleviate symptoms. Diastasis recti therapy focuses on strengthening the abdominal muscles, repairing the connective tissue, and improving overall core stability. There are various treatment options available, ranging from conservative approaches like exercise therapy to more invasive procedures like surgery, depending on the severity of the diastasis recti and the individual’s specific needs.
In the following sections, we will explore different therapy solutions for diastasis recti, including exercises, physical therapy, and specialized treatments offered by leading healthcare providers. By understanding the condition and the available treatment options, individuals can make informed decisions in managing diastasis recti and improving their overall well-being.
Diastasis Recti Therapy at Acibadem Healthcare Group
Acibadem Healthcare Group offers comprehensive diastasis recti therapy services that focus on abdominal wall rehabilitation and postpartum core strengthening. At Acibadem, we understand the physical and emotional challenges that individuals with diastasis recti face, and our expert team is dedicated to providing personalized care and effective treatment options.
Our abdominal wall rehabilitation programs are designed to address the specific needs of each patient, targeting the underlying causes of diastasis recti and working towards restoring the integrity of the abdominal muscles. We utilize specialized techniques and approaches that have been proven to be effective in diastasis recti therapy.
With a multidisciplinary approach, our team of experienced healthcare professionals, including physical therapists and specialized trainers, collaboratively develop personalized treatment plans for each patient. We combine manual therapies, targeted exercises, and advanced technology to optimize the healing process and promote the strengthening of the abdominal wall.
Throughout the diastasis recti therapy journey at Acibadem, patients receive ongoing guidance and support to ensure they achieve optimal results. Our team is committed to empowering individuals with diastasis recti to regain their core strength, improve their posture, and enhance their overall well-being.
Specialized Techniques and Approaches
At Acibadem Healthcare Group, our diastasis recti therapy programs incorporate a range of specialized techniques and approaches to address the specific needs of each patient:
- Manual Therapies: Our skilled therapists use manual techniques to mobilize and release tight muscles, fascia, and connective tissues, promoting improved alignment and function of the abdominal wall.
- Therapeutic Exercise: We employ targeted exercises that focus on activating and strengthening the deep abdominal muscles, helping to close the separation and restore core stability.
- Advanced Technology: Our cutting-edge equipment, such as electrostimulation devices and ultrasound therapy, can be utilized to enhance the effectiveness of diastasis recti therapy, aiding in muscle reeducation and tissue repair.
By tailoring our approaches to the unique needs of each patient, we ensure that diastasis recti therapy at Acibadem Healthcare Group is both comprehensive and personalized, providing the highest level of care and support throughout the rehabilitation process.
Success Stories
Here are a few success stories from patients who have undergone diastasis recti therapy at Acibadem Healthcare Group:
| Patient Name | Age | Years Since Diagnosis | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emily Johnson | 32 | 2 | Complete closure of abdominal separation, improved core strength, and increased confidence in daily activities. |
| Michael Rodriguez | 45 | 4 | Significant reduction in diastasis recti, improved posture, and alleviation of back pain. |
| Sarah Thompson | 28 | 1 | Restored core stability, improved overall fitness, and ability to return to pre-pregnancy physical activities. |
These success stories highlight the effectiveness of diastasis recti therapy at Acibadem Healthcare Group in helping individuals regain abdominal strength, improve functionality, and regain confidence in their bodies.
Next, we will explore specific exercises that can aid in diastasis recti treatment and promote postpartum core strengthening.
Diastasis Recti Exercises for Effective Treatment
Diastasis recti, also known as abdominal separation, can be effectively treated through a range of targeted exercises that focus on strengthening the postpartum core. These exercises not only help in closing the gap between the abdominal muscles but also improve overall core strength and stability.
Here are some key diastasis recti exercises that you can incorporate into your daily routine for effective treatment:
1. Pelvic Tilts
Start by lying on your back with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor. Slowly tilt your pelvis upward, tightening your abdominal muscles as you do so. Hold for a few seconds, then release. Repeat for 10-15 repetitions.
2. Toe Taps
Lie on your back with your knees bent and feet elevated off the floor, knees directly above your hips. Alternate tapping your toes to the floor while keeping your lower back pressed firmly into the ground. Perform 10-15 taps on each side.
3. Modified Planks
Start in a push-up position, but with your forearms on the ground instead of your hands. Engage your core by pulling your belly button towards your spine. Hold this position for 20-30 seconds and then relax. Repeat for 3-5 sets.
4. Bird Dogs
Kneel on all fours, keeping your hands directly beneath your shoulders and your knees beneath your hips. Extend your right arm forward while simultaneously extending your left leg backward. Hold for a few seconds, then switch sides. Perform 10-15 repetitions on each side.
5. Standing Core Compression
Stand with your feet hip-width apart and your arms by your sides. Inhale deeply, then exhale while drawing your belly button towards your spine and squeezing your core muscles. Hold for a few seconds, then release. Repeat for 10-15 repetitions.
Incorporating these exercises into your daily routine can help in the effective treatment of diastasis recti and the strengthening of your postpartum core. Remember to start slowly and gradually increase the intensity as your muscles get stronger. Consult with a healthcare professional or certified trainer for personalized guidance and to ensure proper form and technique.
| Exercise | Description |
|---|---|
| Pelvic Tilts | Lie on your back with knees bent and feet flat on the floor. Tilt your pelvis upward, tightening your abdominal muscles. |
| Toe Taps | Lie on your back with knees bent and feet elevated off the floor. Alternate tapping your toes to the floor while keeping your lower back pressed into the ground. |
| Modified Planks | Start in a push-up position with forearms on the ground. Engage your core by pulling your belly button towards your spine. |
| Bird Dogs | Kneel on all fours, extend right arm forward while extending left leg backward. Hold, then switch sides. |
| Standing Core Compression | Stand with feet hip-width apart. Inhale deeply, then exhale while drawing your belly button towards your spine and squeezing your core muscles. |
Diastasis Recti Physical Therapy
Physical therapy plays a vital role in diastasis recti treatment, addressing the unique needs of individuals with abdominal separation. Through a structured program of exercises and techniques, diastasis recti physical therapy aims to strengthen the postpartum core and restore functional abdominal wall strength.
One of the primary goals of diastasis recti therapy is to promote proper healing of the abdominal muscles and reduce the separation between them. Physical therapists employ a variety of techniques to achieve this, including:
- Manual Therapy: Therapists use hands-on techniques to manipulate and mobilize the abdominal muscles, encouraging proper alignment and stretching.
- Therapeutic Exercises: Targeted exercises help strengthen the deep core muscles and gradually close the gap caused by diastasis recti.
- Breathing Techniques: Diaphragmatic breathing techniques aim to engage the core muscles, improve stability, and support the healing process.
- Postural Correction: Physical therapists address postural imbalances that may contribute to diastasis recti, teaching proper alignment to prevent further strain on the abdominal muscles.
It’s important to note that diastasis recti physical therapy should always be performed under the guidance and supervision of a trained healthcare professional. This ensures that exercises are tailored to the individual’s needs and limitations, reducing the risk of exacerbating the condition.
Finding a Qualified Physical Therapist
When seeking diastasis recti physical therapy, it’s crucial to find a qualified and experienced physical therapist specializing in postpartum care. Look for therapists who have specific training and expertise in treating diastasis recti and abdominal wall rehabilitation.
Consider asking for recommendations from healthcare providers, friends, or online support groups for postpartum mothers. It’s essential to work with a therapist who can provide personalized care and develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your individual needs.
Measuring Progress in Diastasis Recti Physical Therapy
Tracking progress is an integral part of diastasis recti physical therapy. This enables both the therapist and the individual to monitor improvements and make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.
During physical therapy sessions, therapists may use a variety of methods to measure abdominal separation, such as finger width or ultrasound imaging. These measurements provide valuable information about the effectiveness of therapy and guide decision-making regarding exercise progression and treatment duration.
| Measurement Technique | Description | Advantages |
|---|---|---|
| Finger Width | The therapist measures the width of the separation between the abdominal muscles using their fingers. | Non-invasive, easy to perform, and readily accessible. |
| Ultrasound Imaging | An ultrasound machine is used to visualize and measure the degree of abdominal separation. | Precise and accurate measurement, provides a detailed view of the abdominal muscles. |
Regularly discussing progress and measurements with the physical therapist ensures that the treatment plan is adjusted as needed, maximizing the effectiveness of diastasis recti physical therapy.
In conclusion, diastasis recti physical therapy offers a comprehensive approach to treating abdominal separation and strengthening the postpartum core. With the guidance of a qualified physical therapist, individuals can regain functional abdominal wall strength, reduce muscle separation, and improve overall well-being.
Diastasis Recti Repair: Surgical Options
While non-surgical therapies, such as exercises and physical therapy, are often effective in treating diastasis recti, there are cases where surgical intervention may be necessary. Diastasis recti surgery aims to repair the abdominal separation and restore strength to the core muscles.
There are different surgical options available for diastasis recti repair, each with its own benefits and considerations. The choice of procedure depends on factors such as the severity of the condition, the patient’s overall health, and their individual goals for recovery and physical appearance.
One of the common surgical procedures for diastasis recti repair is the abdominoplasty with rectus plication. This procedure involves tightening the abdominal muscles by suturing them together, which helps to close the gap and provide stability to the midsection. Abdominoplasty with rectus plication is typically performed in conjunction with excess skin and fat removal from the abdomen, resulting in a flatter and more toned appearance.
Another surgical option is the minimally invasive endoscopic assisted diastasis recti repair. This procedure utilizes small incisions and the assistance of an endoscope to access and repair the abdominal muscles. Endoscopic surgery offers the advantage of reduced scarring and a shorter recovery time compared to traditional open surgeries.
Recovery from diastasis recti surgery varies depending on the type of procedure performed and the patient’s individual healing process. It is important to follow post-operative instructions provided by the surgeon and to allow adequate time for the body to heal. Physical therapy and continued core-strengthening exercises may be recommended during the recovery period to optimize the long-term results of the surgical repair.
Before considering surgery for diastasis recti, it is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional specializing in abdominal wall reconstruction. They will assess the condition and make recommendations based on the individual’s unique circumstances, informing them about the potential benefits and risks of surgical treatment.
| Surgical Option | Benefits | Risks |
|---|---|---|
| Abdominoplasty with Rectus Plication | – Repairs abdominal separation – Removes excess skin and fat – Improves core strength and appearance | – Scarring – Infection – Bleeding – Anesthesia risks |
| Endoscopic Assisted Diastasis Recti Repair | – Minimally invasive procedure – Reduced scarring – Faster recovery time | – Nerve damage – Infection – Bleeding – Anesthesia risks |
Benefits of Diastasis Recti Therapy
Diastasis recti therapy offers a range of benefits for individuals dealing with abdominal separation and seeking to heal diastasis recti, improve core strength, and alleviate associated symptoms. Through targeted exercises and specialized techniques, this therapy can provide significant advantages in the recovery journey. Let’s explore some of the key benefits:
1. Healing Diastasis Recti
Diastasis recti therapy plays a crucial role in healing the separation of abdominal muscles. By targeting the weakened connective tissue and implementing specific exercises, therapy can effectively promote the closure of the gap between the abdominal muscles. This not only helps restore core strength but also enhances overall physical well-being.
2. Improving Core Strength
Abdominal separation can weaken the core muscles, leading to issues such as back pain, poor posture, and reduced overall stability. Diastasis recti therapy focuses on strengthening the core muscles, including the transverse abdominis and pelvic floor muscles, to improve stability, posture, and functional movement. By enhancing core strength, individuals can regain their daily functionality and engage in physical activities with greater ease.
3. Alleviating Associated Symptoms
Diastasis recti can be accompanied by various symptoms, such as urinary incontinence, pelvic floor dysfunction, and digestive issues. Diastasis recti therapy addresses these symptoms by targeting the underlying causes and providing targeted exercises to improve the strength and coordination of the core muscles. As a result, individuals may experience a reduction in symptoms and an improvement in overall quality of life.
Seeking diastasis recti therapy can make a significant difference in the recovery process, aiding individuals in their journey to heal abdominal separation, improve core strength, and alleviate associated symptoms. With the guidance and expertise of healthcare professionals, individuals can develop personalized treatment plans that cater to their specific needs and goals.
| Benefits | Description |
|---|---|
| Healing Diastasis Recti | Promotes closure of the gap between abdominal muscles |
| Improving Core Strength | Strengthens core muscles, enhances stability and posture |
| Alleviating Associated Symptoms | Reduces symptoms like urinary incontinence and digestive issues |
Professional Guidance in Diastasis Recti Therapy
Seeking professional guidance in diastasis recti therapy is essential for effective treatment and optimal recovery. Healthcare professionals, such as physical therapists or specialized trainers, play a crucial role in developing personalized treatment plans that address your specific needs and goals. Here’s why professional guidance matters:
Expertise and Knowledge
Healthcare professionals specializing in diastasis recti therapy have the expertise and knowledge to accurately assess your condition and recommend appropriate treatment strategies. They understand the complexities of abdominal separation and can tailor therapy programs to your unique circumstances.
Personalized Treatment Plans
Diastasis recti therapy is not a one-size-fits-all approach. Professional guidance allows for the development of personalized treatment plans that account for factors like the severity of your condition, postpartum recovery progress, and individual fitness levels. With a tailored plan, you can address your specific concerns and focus on rebuilding your core strength effectively.
Proper Technique and Progression
When doing diastasis recti exercises or participating in therapy sessions, using correct technique is crucial to avoid further strain on the abdominal muscles. Healthcare professionals can demonstrate proper form and provide guidance to ensure you’re performing exercises safely and effectively. They can also monitor your progress and adjust the treatment plan accordingly, gradually increasing intensity as your core strength improves.
Mental and Emotional Support
Dealing with diastasis recti can be emotionally challenging, and support from healthcare professionals can make a significant difference. They understand the physical and emotional impact of the condition and can offer guidance, reassurance, and motivation throughout your therapy journey.
Remember, diastasis recti therapy is not a DIY endeavor. By seeking professional guidance, you can receive the expert care and support necessary to effectively address abdominal separation, strengthen your postpartum core, and achieve optimal recovery.
Postpartum Core Strengthening Beyond Diastasis Recti
While diastasis recti therapy is crucial for addressing abdominal separation and strengthening the postpartum core, it’s important to consider the broader benefits of maintaining core strength. By incorporating additional exercises and techniques into your postpartum fitness routine, you can achieve a stronger overall core and enjoy improved physical well-being.
Postpartum core strengthening exercises not only help you regain your pre-pregnancy shape but also support your daily activities and promote better posture. These exercises focus on engaging the deep core muscles, including the transverse abdominis, pelvic floor, and obliques, to provide stability and strength throughout your midsection.
The Benefits of Postpartum Core Strengthening
Postpartum core strengthening offers numerous benefits beyond addressing diastasis recti. By incorporating these exercises into your routine, you can experience:
- Improved overall core strength
- Better posture and spinal alignment
- Reduced risk of lower back pain
- Enhanced stability and balance
- Increased functional strength for daily activities
- Improved athletic performance
Additionally, postpartum core strengthening exercises can help prevent or alleviate other common postpartum issues such as urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. By strengthening the pelvic floor muscles, you can regain control and support for these vital structures, promoting long-term pelvic health.
Recommended Postpartum Core Strengthening Exercises
Here are some effective exercises to incorporate into your postpartum core strengthening routine:
- Pelvic tilts: Lie on your back with knees bent and feet flat on the floor. Slowly tilt your pelvis upward, engaging your core muscles. Hold for a few seconds, then release. Repeat for several reps.
- Deadbugs: Lie on your back with arms extended towards the ceiling and legs bent at a 90-degree angle. Slowly lower one arm and the opposite leg towards the floor while engaging your core. Return to the starting position and repeat on the other side.
- Bird dogs: Start on all fours with hands under shoulders and knees under hips. Extend one arm forward and the opposite leg back while maintaining a neutral spine. Return to the starting position and repeat on the other side.
- Planks: Begin in a push-up position with hands under shoulders and toes on the floor. Engage your core and hold the position for as long as possible while maintaining proper form.
- Side planks: Lie on your side with legs extended and stacked, and one forearm on the floor directly below your shoulder. Lift your hips off the ground, engaging your core and maintaining a straight line from head to toe. Hold for as long as possible, then switch sides.
Remember to start slow and listen to your body. It’s essential to gradually increase the intensity and duration of your postpartum core strengthening exercises, giving your body time to recover and adapt. If you have any concerns or questions, consult with a healthcare professional or a certified postpartum fitness expert who can provide personalized guidance.
| Exercise | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Pelvic tilts | Engages core muscles and helps restore pelvic alignment |
| Deadbugs | Targets deep core muscles and improves coordination |
| Bird dogs | Enhances spinal stability and core strength |
| Planks | Strengthens the entire core and improves overall stability |
| Side planks | Targets the obliques and improves lateral stability |
By incorporating these exercises into your postpartum fitness routine, you can go beyond addressing diastasis recti and achieve a strong, functional core that supports your overall well-being as a new mom.
Managing Diastasis Recti: Lifestyle and Self-Care Tips
When it comes to managing diastasis recti, incorporating healthy lifestyle habits and practicing self-care can greatly support your treatment journey. In addition to diastasis recti therapy and other treatment options, there are several lifestyle factors to consider. These include dietary considerations, proper body mechanics, and maintaining overall well-being.
Dietary Considerations
Eating a balanced, nutrient-rich diet can help support the healing process and promote overall health. Consider incorporating foods that are rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber into your diet. Avoid processed foods, excess sugar, and unhealthy fats, as they can hinder your progress. Prioritize whole foods, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Proper Body Mechanics
Adopting proper body mechanics can help protect your abdominal muscles and reduce strain on your core. When lifting heavy objects, remember to engage your core and use your legs instead of relying solely on your back muscles. Maintain good posture throughout the day, avoiding slouching or excessive twisting motions. Practicing proper body mechanics can help prevent further strain on the abdominal wall.
Stress Management
Managing stress is essential for your overall well-being and healing process. Chronic stress can weaken your immune system and delay the recovery of diastasis recti. Consider incorporating stress reduction techniques into your daily routine, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, or engaging in activities that help you relax. Prioritizing self-care and finding healthy outlets for stress can positively impact your diastasis recti journey.
Exercise Modifications
While engaging in exercise is important for strengthening your core, it’s crucial to modify exercises to accommodate diastasis recti. Avoid activities that put excessive pressure on your abdomen, such as crunches or heavy weightlifting. Instead, focus on diastasis recti-specific exercises recommended by your healthcare professional or physical therapist. These exercises can help engage the deep abdominal muscles and support the healing process.
Effective Diastasis Recti Therapy Solutions:Supportive Undergarments
Wearing supportive undergarments can provide additional support to your abdominal muscles and help alleviate discomfort. Look for options that offer gentle compression and provide adequate coverage for your abdomen. Supportive undergarments can be particularly beneficial during physical activity or when engaging in exercises specifically designed for diastasis recti.
Effective Diastasis Recti Therapy Solutions:Staying Hydrated
Hydration plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and supporting tissue healing. Drink an adequate amount of water throughout the day to stay hydrated and support your body’s natural processes. Proper hydration can help improve tissue elasticity and aid in the healing of diastasis recti.
| Tips for Managing Diastasis Recti |
|---|
| Eat a balanced diet rich in nutrients |
| Practice proper body mechanics when lifting or moving objects |
| Manage stress through relaxation techniques |
| Modify exercises to accommodate diastasis recti |
| Wear supportive undergarments for additional support |
| Stay hydrated to support tissue healing |
By incorporating these lifestyle and self-care tips into your daily routine, you can enhance your diastasis recti therapy and treatment. Remember to consult with your healthcare professional for personalized guidance and support along your journey to healing and strengthening your postpartum core.
Effective Diastasis Recti Therapy Solutions:Conclusion
Throughout this article, we have explored the importance of diastasis recti therapy in effective treatment and postpartum core strengthening. Diastasis recti, characterized by abdominal separation, requires specialized therapy techniques to address the condition and promote healing.
Diastasis recti therapy offers a range of benefits, including improved core strength and alleviation of associated symptoms. By seeking professional guidance, individuals can receive personalized treatment plans tailored to their specific needs and goals. Physical therapy sessions and targeted exercises play a crucial role in healing diastasis recti and restoring abdominal wall function.Effective Diastasis Recti Therapy Solutions
While surgical options are available for severe cases, diastasis recti therapy should be the initial focus of treatment due to its non-invasive nature. By following a comprehensive therapy program and incorporating postpartum core strengthening exercises, individuals can achieve optimal results in their diastasis recti recovery journey.
Effective Diastasis Recti Therapy Solutions :FAQ
What is diastasis recti?
Diastasis recti is a condition characterized by the separation of the abdominal muscles, specifically the rectus abdominis, which can occur during pregnancy or due to other factors such as obesity or improper exercise.
What are the symptoms of diastasis recti?
Common symptoms of diastasis recti include a visible bulge or doming in the abdomen when performing certain movements, lower back pain, and difficulty engaging the core muscles. It is important to note that not all individuals with diastasis recti experience symptoms.
How can diastasis recti therapy help?
Diastasis recti therapy aims to address abdominal separation and strengthen the postpartum core. Therapeutic interventions, including exercises and physical therapy techniques, can help bring the abdominal muscles back together and improve core function.
What diastasis recti therapy services are offered at Acibadem Healthcare Group?
Acibadem Healthcare Group offers specialized diastasis recti therapy services, including abdominal wall rehabilitation programs. These programs focus on restoring the strength and function of the abdominal muscles through targeted exercises and techniques.
Are there specific exercises for diastasis recti treatment?
Yes, there are specific exercises that can help treat diastasis recti and strengthen the postpartum core. These exercises often include variations of pelvic tilts, transverse abdominal activation, and controlled movements that engage the deep core muscles.
What is the role of physical therapy in diastasis recti treatment?
Physical therapy plays an essential role in diastasis recti treatment. Physical therapists can provide guidance and supervision during exercises, teach proper body mechanics, and develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to individual needs.
Are there surgical options for diastasis recti repair?
Yes, there are surgical options available for diastasis recti repair. Surgical procedures such as abdominoplasty or tummy tuck can be performed to bring the abdominal muscles back together and remove excess skin. However, surgery is typically considered a last resort after non-surgical interventions have been attempted.
What are the benefits of diastasis recti therapy?
Diastasis recti therapy offers several benefits, including improved core strength, alleviation of associated symptoms such as back pain, and enhanced overall functional fitness. It can also help with healing diastasis recti and promoting proper abdominal muscle activation.
How important is professional guidance in diastasis recti therapy?
Professional guidance is crucial in diastasis recti therapy. Healthcare professionals, such as physical therapists or specialized trainers, have the knowledge and expertise to develop personalized treatment plans, ensure exercises are performed correctly, and monitor progress effectively.
Is postpartum core strengthening important beyond diastasis recti?
Yes, postpartum core strengthening is essential for overall health and well-being. Strengthening the core muscles can improve posture, prevent back pain, enhance functional movement, and support long-term fitness goals beyond addressing diastasis recti.
What are some lifestyle and self-care tips for managing diastasis recti?
To manage diastasis recti, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This includes following a balanced diet, practicing proper body mechanics during daily activities, avoiding excessive strain on the abdominal muscles, and engaging in gentle exercises recommended by healthcare professionals.
