⤴️ Location permission needed for a better experience.

Essential Tremor Diet: Foods for Symptom Relief

Essential Tremor Diet: Foods for Symptom Relief Managing essential tremor can be challenging, but one aspect that can significantly impact symptom control is diet. By making mindful dietary choices, individuals with essential tremor can potentially alleviate their symptoms and enhance their overall well-being. In this article, we will explore the essential tremor diet and the best foods to include for symptom relief.

Understanding Essential Tremor

Essential tremor is a neurological disorder characterized by uncontrollable shaking or trembling of certain parts of the body, most commonly the hands, arms, head, and voice. It is considered the most common movement disorder, affecting millions of people worldwide.

Causes of essential tremor are not fully understood, but research suggests that it may be related to abnormal brain activity in the cerebellum. This leads to disruptions in the communication between the brain and the muscles, resulting in involuntary tremors.

Some of the common symptoms associated with essential tremor include:

  • Trembling or shaking of the hands, arms, head, or voice
  • Difficulty with fine motor tasks, such as writing or drinking
  • Worsening of symptoms during periods of stress or anxiety
  • Progressive nature of symptoms over time

Essential tremor can significantly impact daily life, making tasks such as eating, drinking, and writing challenging. It can also have psychological and emotional effects, leading to embarrassment, social withdrawal, and decreased quality of life.

When it comes to managing essential tremor, seeking professional assistance is essential. Acibadem Healthcare Group is a leading healthcare institution offering specialized treatment for essential tremor. With their expertise and advanced treatment options, they provide comprehensive care to patients, helping them regain control over their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Acibadem Healthcare Group: Trusted Treatment for Essential Tremor

Acibadem Healthcare Group has a team of experienced neurologists and specialists who specialize in treating essential tremor. They offer a personalized approach to each patient, considering their unique symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle. By utilizing advanced diagnostics and treatment techniques, they strive to provide effective relief and long-term management of essential tremor.

With their state-of-the-art facilities and multidisciplinary approach, Acibadem Healthcare Group combines medical expertise, technology, and compassionate care to deliver the best possible outcomes for patients with essential tremor.

Treatment Options at Acibadem Healthcare Group Benefits
Medication Management – Reduced tremor severity
– Improved motor control
– Enhanced quality of life
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) – Significant reduction in tremor frequency and severity
– Improved functional abilities
– Long-term symptom control
Focused Ultrasound Therapy – Non-invasive treatment option
– Precise targeting of affected brain regions
– Minimal to no side effects

Acibadem Healthcare Group believes in a comprehensive and holistic approach to essential tremor treatment, ensuring that patients receive the necessary support and guidance throughout their journey to better health.

The Role of Diet in Essential Tremor Management

In the management of essential tremor, diet plays a crucial role in reducing symptoms and improving overall well-being. By making dietary changes and following a balanced and nutritious meal plan, individuals with essential tremor can effectively alleviate their symptoms and enhance their quality of life.

Research has shown that certain foods can have a positive impact on essential tremor, while others may contribute to symptom exacerbation. A carefully curated diet that focuses on incorporating the right nutrients can help reduce tremors and provide much-needed relief.

The Best Diet for Essential Tremor

When it comes to the best diet for essential tremor, a few key factors should be taken into consideration:

  1. Balance: A balanced diet ensures that the body receives all the essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals needed for optimal functioning. This helps support overall health and can potentially have a positive effect on essential tremor symptoms.
  2. Whole Foods: Including a variety of whole foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, provides essential nutrients and antioxidants that can help alleviate tremors and reduce inflammation in the body.
  3. Hydration: Staying hydrated is important for overall health and can also help manage essential tremor symptoms. Drinking an adequate amount of water throughout the day can support brain function and reduce the severity of tremors.

While there is no specific diet that has been proven to cure essential tremor, incorporating these dietary principles into your daily life can have a positive impact on symptom management and overall well-being.

Foods to Include for Symptom Relief

Incorporating the right foods into your diet can play a significant role in managing essential tremor symptoms. A well-balanced and nutritious meal plan can provide the essential nutrients your body needs, while also helping to reduce tremors and improve overall well-being.

Here are some foods that you should consider including in your essential tremor meal plan:

1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Include foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as fatty fish (salmon, sardines, and mackerel), walnuts, chia seeds, and flaxseeds. These healthy fats have anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce tremors.

2. Magnesium-Rich Foods

Opt for magnesium-rich foods like spinach, almonds, avocados, and bananas. Magnesium plays a crucial role in nerve function, and its deficiency can contribute to tremors.

3. Whole Grains

Choose whole grain foods like brown rice, quinoa, and whole wheat bread. These complex carbohydrates provide sustained energy and can help stabilize blood sugar levels, which may have a positive impact on tremors.

4. Leafy Greens

Include leafy greens such as kale, spinach, and Swiss chard. These vegetables are packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that support brain health and may reduce tremor intensity.

5. B Vitamins

Consume foods rich in B vitamins, particularly B1 (thiamine), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), and B12 (cobalamin). Good sources include lean meats, poultry, eggs, legumes, and fortified cereals. B vitamins are essential for nerve function and can help manage tremors.

6. Probiotic-Rich Foods

Incorporate foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, and kimchi into your diet. These fermented foods contain beneficial bacteria that support gut health and may have a positive impact on essential tremor symptoms.

7. Healthy Fats

Include sources of healthy fats like olive oil, avocado, nuts, and seeds. These fats provide essential nutrients and may have anti-inflammatory effects that can help reduce tremors.

8. Antioxidant-Rich Foods

Choose colorful fruits and vegetables like berries, citrus fruits, bell peppers, and sweet potatoes. These foods are packed with antioxidants that protect the brain from oxidative stress and may help alleviate essential tremor symptoms.

Designing an essential tremor nutrition plan can be overwhelming, especially if you’re unsure where to start. Here’s an example of a meal plan that incorporates the aforementioned foods:

Meal Food
Breakfast Spinach and mushroom omelette with whole grain toast
Snack Yogurt with mixed berries and chia seeds
Lunch Grilled salmon with quinoa and steamed broccoli
Snack Handful of almonds and an apple
Dinner Roasted chicken with sweet potato wedges and sautéed spinach
Snack Carrot sticks with hummus

Remember, creating a nutrition plan focused on symptom relief is highly individualized. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian who can provide personalized guidance based on your specific needs and medical history. They can help tailor a meal plan that best suits your nutritional requirements while considering your essential tremor management goals.

Nutritional Strategies for Essential Tremor

Managing essential tremor involves not only medication and therapy but also making dietary adjustments. By following certain dietary tips and restrictions, individuals with essential tremor can potentially alleviate their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.

Essential Tremor Dietary Tips:

  • Incorporate anti-inflammatory foods: Include fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and fatty fish in your diet. These foods are rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce the severity of essential tremor symptoms.
  • Stay hydrated: Drink an adequate amount of water throughout the day to keep yourself hydrated. Dehydration can potentially worsen tremors, so it’s important to maintain proper hydration levels.
  • Limit alcohol and caffeine: Alcohol and caffeine can trigger or exacerbate essential tremor symptoms. It’s advisable to reduce or eliminate consumption of alcoholic and caffeinated beverages.
  • Spread out meals: Instead of consuming large meals, opt for smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day. This can help prevent fluctuations in blood sugar levels, which may contribute to tremors.
  • Consider a Mediterranean-style diet: The Mediterranean diet emphasizes whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. This dietary pattern has been associated with various health benefits and may be beneficial for individuals with essential tremor.

By implementing these dietary tips, individuals with essential tremor can potentially alleviate their symptoms and improve their overall well-being. However, it’s important to note that dietary changes alone may not be sufficient, and it’s recommended to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian for personalized guidance.

Essential Tremor Dietary Restrictions:

While there are no specific foods that individuals with essential tremor need to strictly avoid, certain dietary restrictions may be helpful in managing symptoms. These restrictions can vary from person to person, as everyone’s triggers may differ. It’s important to listen to your body and pay attention to how certain foods affect your tremors. Some individuals may find it beneficial to avoid or limit the following:

  • Sugary and processed foods: High-sugar and highly processed foods can potentially cause spikes in blood sugar levels, leading to increased tremor activity. Opt for whole, unprocessed foods whenever possible.
  • Artificial sweeteners: Some individuals with essential tremor may be sensitive to artificial sweeteners like aspartame. If you notice that consuming artificial sweeteners worsens your tremors, it may be best to avoid them.
  • Highly salty foods: Excessive sodium consumption can contribute to fluid retention and may exacerbate tremor symptoms in some individuals. Try to reduce your sodium intake by avoiding processed and fast foods that are typically high in sodium.
  • MSG and food additives: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) and certain food additives like nitrates and sulfites have been reported to trigger or worsen tremors in some individuals. It’s advisable to read food labels carefully and avoid products that contain these additives if they seem to affect your tremors.

By being mindful of these dietary restrictions and making personalized adjustments, individuals with essential tremor can better manage their symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.

Foods to Avoid with Essential Tremor

When managing essential tremor, it’s important to be mindful of the foods and beverages that may exacerbate symptoms. While there is no specific diet that can cure essential tremor, adopting a balanced and nutritious approach can help alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being. Here, we will discuss the foods that individuals with essential tremor should avoid or consume in moderation, along with alternative options.

1. Caffeinated beverages: Coffee, tea, energy drinks, and other caffeinated beverages can potentially worsen essential tremor symptoms. The high caffeine content in these drinks can stimulate the nervous system and trigger tremors. It is advisable to limit or avoid consuming these beverages and opt for decaffeinated or herbal alternatives instead.

2. Alcohol: Alcohol is a known trigger for essential tremor symptoms. It can disrupt the delicate balance of neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to increased tremors. It is recommended to avoid or minimize alcohol intake to manage essential tremor effectively.

3. Monosodium glutamate (MSG): MSG is commonly found in processed and packaged foods, such as savory snacks, canned soups, and fast food. It is known to overstimulate the nervous system and may exacerbate essential tremor symptoms. Reading food labels carefully and opting for fresh, whole foods can help avoid MSG intake.

4. High-sodium foods: Excessive sodium intake can contribute to fluid retention, leading to swelling and increased blood pressure. This can potentially worsen essential tremor symptoms. Avoiding salty processed foods, canned soups, and condiments can help manage symptoms effectively.

5. Artificial sweeteners: Some artificial sweeteners, such as aspartame, have been associated with worsening tremor symptoms in individuals with essential tremor. It is advisable to limit or avoid the consumption of foods and beverages that contain artificial sweeteners and opt for natural sweeteners like stevia instead.

Food/Beverage Reason to Avoid Alternative Options
Caffeinated beverages High caffeine content can stimulate the nervous system and trigger tremors. Decaffeinated coffee, herbal tea
Alcohol Disrupts neurotransmitter balance and can worsen tremors. Non-alcoholic beverages, mocktails
MSG Overstimulates the nervous system, potentially exacerbating tremors. Fresh, whole foods without added MSG
High-sodium foods Excessive sodium intake can contribute to fluid retention and worsen symptoms. Low-sodium alternatives, fresh foods
Artificial sweeteners Some artificial sweeteners have been associated with worsening tremor symptoms. Natural sweeteners like stevia

By avoiding or consuming these trigger foods and beverages in moderation, individuals with essential tremor can better manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. It is important to note that each person’s sensitivity to these foods may vary, so it’s essential to pay attention to individual reactions and make adjustments accordingly. Consulting with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian can provide personalized guidance for creating an effective diet plan to manage essential tremor.

Essential Tremor-Friendly Recipes

Incorporating the right foods into your diet is key to managing essential tremor symptoms. In this section, we present a collection of essential tremor-friendly recipes that not only taste delicious but also provide the nutritional benefits needed to alleviate symptoms. These recipes are easy to prepare and designed to support a balanced and nourishing diet.

1. Spinach and Berry Smoothie

Start your day with a refreshing and nutrient-packed smoothie. This recipe combines spinach, a rich source of vitamins and minerals, with antioxidant-rich berries for a vibrant and flavorful blend. Simply blend together:

  • 1 cup fresh spinach
  • 1 cup mixed berries (such as blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries)
  • 1 cup almond milk (or any plant-based milk of your choice)
  • 1 tablespoon almond butter
  • 1 teaspoon honey (optional)

Pour into a glass and enjoy this essential tremor-friendly smoothie that nourishes your body and supports symptom relief.

2. Baked Salmon with Quinoa

This recipe combines omega-3 fatty acid-rich salmon with quinoa, a protein-packed grain. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce tremor symptoms. Here’s how you can prepare it:

  1. Preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C).
  2. Season a salmon fillet with salt, pepper, and your favorite herbs.
  3. Place the salmon on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper.
  4. Bake for 12-15 minutes, or until the salmon is cooked through.
  5. Cook quinoa according to package instructions and serve it alongside the baked salmon.

Enjoy this wholesome and nourishing meal that is gentle on essential tremor symptoms.

3. Vegetable Stir-Fry with Brown Rice

Load up on vitamins, minerals, and fiber with a colorful vegetable stir-fry paired with nutrient-dense brown rice. This recipe is quick and easy to make:

  • Heat a tablespoon of olive oil in a large skillet or wok.
  • Add your favorite vegetables, such as bell peppers, broccoli, carrots, and snow peas.
  • Sauté the vegetables until tender-crisp.
  • Season with low-sodium soy sauce and a touch of ginger.
  • Serve the vegetable stir-fry over cooked brown rice.

This essential tremor-friendly recipe is packed with flavor and provides the nutrients your body needs for optimal functioning.

4. Avocado and Tomato Salad

Salads are an excellent way to incorporate essential tremor-friendly foods into your diet. This simple avocado and tomato salad is both refreshing and nourishing:

  1. Chop 2 ripe avocados and 2 ripe tomatoes into bite-sized pieces.
  2. Combine them in a bowl.
  3. Add a handful of fresh basil leaves.
  4. Drizzle with extra-virgin olive oil and a squeeze of lemon juice.
  5. Season with salt and pepper to taste.

Enjoy this light and flavorful salad as a side dish or as a meal on its own.

These essential tremor-friendly recipes are just a starting point. Feel free to experiment with different ingredients and flavors to discover what works best for you. Remember to prioritize whole, nutrient-rich foods that support symptom relief and overall well-being.

Recipe Key Ingredients Benefits
Spinach and Berry Smoothie Spinach, mixed berries, almond milk Provides essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants for symptom relief
Baked Salmon with Quinoa Salmon, quinoa Rich in omega-3 fatty acids and protein to support brain health
Vegetable Stir-Fry with Brown Rice Assorted vegetables, brown rice High in fiber and nutrients, promotes healthy digestion
Avocado and Tomato Salad Avocado, tomato, basil Provides healthy fats and antioxidants for overall well-being

Lifestyle Factors for Enhanced Symptom Control

Managing essential tremor involves more than just dietary changes. Incorporating certain lifestyle factors can greatly enhance symptom control and overall well-being. Here are some key lifestyle factors to consider:

1. Regular Exercise

Exercise plays a crucial role in managing essential tremor. Engaging in regular physical activity can help improve muscle strength and coordination, which can minimize tremors. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking or cycling, each week. Additionally, incorporating strength training exercises can help improve muscle control.

2. Stress Reduction Techniques

Stress and anxiety can often worsen essential tremor symptoms. Implementing stress reduction techniques can help minimize tremors and promote relaxation.

3. Adequate Sleep

Getting enough restful sleep is essential for managing essential tremor. Fatigue can exacerbate symptoms and make them more difficult to control. Aim for 7 to 9 hours of quality sleep each night. Establish a relaxing bedtime routine, create a comfortable sleep environment, and limit exposure to electronic devices before bed to promote better sleep.

Lifestyle Factors Symptom Control Rating (1-5)
Regular Exercise 5
Stress Reduction Techniques 4
Adequate Sleep 4

Table: Rating of Lifestyle Factors for Enhanced Symptom Control.

By incorporating these lifestyle factors into your daily routine, in addition to a balanced diet, you can experience enhanced symptom control and improve your quality of life. Remember to consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance that aligns with your specific needs and circumstances.

Incorporating Supplements into Your Diet

For individuals with essential tremor, incorporating certain dietary supplements into their diet may offer an additional avenue for symptom relief and improved quality of life. While supplements are not a substitute for medical treatment or a balanced diet, they can complement other lifestyle interventions. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before adding any new supplements to your routine. Let’s explore some essential tremor supplements and their potential benefits:

Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba is an herb that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. It is thought to have neuroprotective and antioxidant properties that may help alleviate essential tremor symptoms. While more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness, some individuals have reported a reduction in tremors after taking ginkgo biloba supplements.

Magnesium

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in nerve function and muscle relaxation. Some studies suggest that magnesium deficiency may contribute to the development or worsening of tremors. Incorporating magnesium-rich foods like spinach, almonds, and avocados into your diet, or taking magnesium supplements under medical guidance, may help support healthy nervous system function.

Supplement Potential Benefits
Ginkgo biloba May have neuroprotective and antioxidant properties that could reduce tremors.
Magnesium Supports healthy nervous system function and muscle relaxation.

Vitamin B-12

Vitamin B-12 is a vital nutrient involved in nerve health and maintaining proper brain function. Some individuals with essential tremor may have lower levels of vitamin B-12, which could potentially contribute to the severity of their symptoms. Including B-12 rich foods like fish, poultry, and dairy products in your diet, or taking B-12 supplements as recommended by a healthcare professional, may help support neurological health.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and are known for their potential benefits in supporting brain health. Including omega-3 rich foods like fatty fish, walnuts, and flaxseeds in your diet, or taking omega-3 supplements under medical guidance, may help reduce inflammation and support overall neurological well-being.

Remember, supplements should not replace a balanced diet or medical treatment. They should be used as part of a holistic approach to managing essential tremor, in conjunction with a well-rounded diet, regular exercise, and other lifestyle modifications. Working closely with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian can help ensure that any supplements you consider are safe and appropriate for your specific needs.

Seeking Professional Guidance

When it comes to designing an essential tremor diet plan, seeking professional guidance is essential to ensure optimal results. Consulting with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian can provide you with the expertise and personalized guidance you need to create a diet that addresses your specific needs and goals.

These professionals have the knowledge and experience to assess your individual situation, consider any underlying medical conditions or medications, and tailor a diet plan that supports symptom relief and overall well-being. They can help you navigate potential dietary restrictions, identify trigger foods to avoid, and provide recommendations on nutritional strategies that can enhance symptom control.

When looking for professional guidance for your essential tremor diet, consider the following:

  • Choose a healthcare professional or registered dietitian who specializes in neurological disorders, such as essential tremor. They will have a deep understanding of the condition and how diet can impact symptoms.
  • Look for professionals who stay up-to-date with the latest research and treatment options for essential tremor. This ensures that you receive the most current and evidence-based recommendations.
  • Consider seeking referrals or recommendations from your primary care physician, neurologist, or local support groups dedicated to essential tremor. These sources can provide insights into professionals with expertise in this area.

Remember, every individual is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. Finding the right professional for personalized guidance is crucial in developing a tailored diet plan that meets your specific needs and lifestyle.

Managing Essential Tremor Through Diet and Lifestyle

Managing essential tremor requires a comprehensive approach that goes beyond medical treatments. Incorporating proper diet and adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly improve symptom control and enhance overall well-being for individuals with essential tremor.

Essential tremor management involves making dietary changes that support brain health and minimize tremor symptoms. By adjusting your diet and incorporating foods that have shown to be beneficial for essential tremor, you can alleviate symptoms and enhance your quality of life.

The Role of Diet in Essential Tremor Management

A balanced and nutritious diet plays a crucial role in managing essential tremor. Proper nutrition provides essential nutrients that support optimal brain function and reduce tremor severity.

Following a diet that focuses on nutrient-dense foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, can provide the necessary vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants to support a healthy nervous system and minimize tremor symptoms.

Key Points for Essential Tremor Diet and Lifestyle Management

Consider the following key points to effectively manage essential tremor through diet and lifestyle:

  1. Maintain a balanced diet: Include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats in your daily meals.
  2. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to support overall health and brain function.
  3. Limit caffeine and alcohol: Reduce or eliminate the consumption of caffeine and alcohol, as they can worsen tremor symptoms.
  4. Manage stress: Practice stress-reducing techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, or engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation.
  5. Get regular exercise: Incorporate moderate exercise into your routine to improve overall physical and mental well-being.
  6. Prioritize sleep: Aim for adequate sleep each night to allow your body and brain to rejuvenate and function optimally.

Diet and Lifestyle for Essential Tremor: A Sample Meal Plan

A sample meal plan for managing essential tremor may look like this:

Meal Example
Breakfast Bowl of oatmeal topped with berries and a tablespoon of almond butter
Lunch Grilled salmon with quinoa and a side of steamed vegetables
Afternoon Snack Handful of mixed nuts and a piece of fruit
Dinner Grilled chicken breast with sweet potato and a mixed green salad
Evening Snack Carrot sticks with hummus

This sample meal plan incorporates nutrient-rich foods that provide essential vitamins and minerals while supporting brain health and reducing tremor symptoms.

Remember, diet and lifestyle modifications for managing essential tremor should be personalized and tailored to your specific needs. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional or registered dietitian for personalized guidance.

Additional Resources for Essential Tremor Support

If you or a loved one is dealing with essential tremor, it’s essential to have access to a supportive community. Fortunately, there are numerous resources available that can provide guidance, information, and emotional support throughout your journey. Here are some valuable resources for essential tremor support:

1. Online Communities: Joining online communities dedicated to essential tremor can connect you with individuals who understand your challenges. Websites such as Essential Tremor Foundation and Inspire offer forums and discussion boards where you can share experiences, ask questions, and find support from others in similar situations.

2. Support Groups: Support groups can be a tremendous source of comfort and understanding. Look for local support groups in your area or consider joining virtual support groups organized by organizations like The International Essential Tremor Foundation. These groups often provide a safe space for sharing experiences, learning coping mechanisms, and exchanging tips.

3. Essential Tremor Organizations: Several organizations focus on essential tremor awareness, research, and support. The National Tremor Foundation and The Tremor Action Network are two reputable organizations that provide valuable resources, educational materials, and advocate for essential tremor awareness and research.

By utilizing these additional resources, you can find the support and information you need to navigate essential tremor with confidence. Remember, you are not alone, and there is a network of individuals and organizations ready to offer guidance and support every step of the way.

FAQ

What is essential tremor?

Essential tremor is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary shaking or trembling of the hands, head, or other parts of the body. It is the most common movement disorder, affecting millions of people worldwide.

What causes essential tremor?

The exact cause of essential tremor is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It tends to run in families and may be triggered or worsened by stress, fatigue, caffeine, or certain medications.

How does essential tremor affect daily life?

Essential tremor can significantly impact daily activities such as writing, eating, and performing fine motor tasks. Many individuals with essential tremor experience social and emotional challenges due to the visible shaking, which can cause embarrassment or frustration.

Share.
Exit mobile version