Lung Cancer Eyes: Symptoms and Vision Impact
Lung Cancer Eyes: Symptoms and Vision Impact When it comes to lung cancer, the effects extend beyond the lungs themselves. In fact, this devastating disease can also have a significant impact on an individual’s vision. Understanding the symptoms and potential vision complications associated with lung cancer is crucial for early detection and appropriate management.
From understanding the basics of lung cancer and its systemic effects to recognizing the signs and symptoms of the disease, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. Additionally, we will explore the concept of metastasis and how lung cancer can spread to the eyes, resulting in various eye complications.
Moreover, we will outline the common eye symptoms associated with lung cancer, emphasizing the importance of recognizing these symptoms and seeking proper medical attention. Additionally, we will discuss the diagnostic methods used to assess any potential eye involvement, including the expertise of Acibadem Healthcare Group.
Effective treatment options for lung cancer and related eye issues will also be explored. From multidisciplinary approaches to managing eye complications and improving vision, we will discuss strategies aimed at enhancing the well-being of individuals facing this disease.
Supportive care and palliative measures will also be addressed, recognizing the significant challenges that lung cancer can pose for patients. We will shed light on the importance of providing the necessary support and ensuring the best possible quality of life for individuals experiencing eye issues caused by lung cancer.
Furthermore, the article will touch upon the latest research and advances in lung cancer treatment, as well as strategies for prevention and early detection. By staying up-to-date with the evolving field of lung cancer research, we can have hope for improved treatment outcomes and a better prognosis for those at risk.
In conclusion, awareness of the potential impact of lung cancer on vision is crucial. By understanding the symptoms and complications that can arise in the eyes, individuals at risk of lung cancer can seek early detection and appropriate management, ultimately improving their well-being.
Understanding Lung Cancer and Its Effect on the Body
Before delving into the specifics of how lung cancer can affect the eyes, it’s important to have a basic understanding of lung cancer itself and how it can impact the body. Lung cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lungs. It can originate in the lungs (primary lung cancer) or spread to the lungs from other parts of the body (metastatic lung cancer).
Lung cancer is primarily caused by smoking, with tobacco smoke being the leading risk factor. However, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to factors such as exposure to secondhand smoke, genetic mutations, and environmental pollutants.
Lung cancer and its systemic effects
Lung cancer can have a significant impact on various systems within the body, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems. The spread of cancer cells to distant organs, known as metastasis, can lead to systemic effects that can affect a person’s overall health and well-being.
The eyes are a part of the body that can be affected by lung cancer’s systemic impact. While the lungs are the primary site of the disease, cancer cells can travel to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
Lung cancer can cause various eye symptoms due to its systemic effects and the direct invasion or metastasis of cancer cells to the ocular region. These eye symptoms can be indicative of the disease itself or its complications.
Common eye symptoms of lung cancer include:
- Blurred vision
- Double vision
- Dry eyes
- Redness or irritation
- Bulging of the eyes
- Decreased visual acuity
- Swelling around the eyes
- Changes in color perception
- Pain or discomfort
It’s important to note that these eye symptoms can also be caused by other eye conditions or unrelated to lung cancer. Therefore, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate management.
Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is a complex disease that can manifest with various signs and symptoms throughout the body, including the eyes. Recognizing these early warning signs is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. In this section, we will explore the common signs and symptoms of lung cancer, with a particular focus on those that may manifest in the eyes.
1. Persistent Eye Irritation
One of the early signs of lung cancer affecting the eyes is persistent eye irritation or discomfort. This may include itching, redness, dryness, or a feeling of grittiness in the eyes. If you experience ongoing eye irritation without any apparent cause, it is essential to consult a medical professional for further evaluation.
2. Vision Changes
Vision changes can be indicative of lung cancer-related eye complications. Some individuals may notice blurred vision, double vision, or difficulty focusing. Others may experience sensitivity to light or have trouble adjusting to changes in lighting conditions. If you observe any persistent changes in your vision, it is important to seek medical attention.
3. Bulging or Swelling of the Eyes
Bulging or swelling in one or both eyes can be a sign of lung cancer affecting the ocular region. This may occur due to the growth of tumors or the spread of cancer cells to the eye area. If you notice any unusual changes in the appearance of your eyes, such as swelling or bulging, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional.
4. Yellowing of the Eyes
Yellowing of the eyes, known as jaundice, can be a symptom of lung cancer with liver involvement. This occurs when cancer spreads to the liver, causing a buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream. If you notice a yellow tinge to the whites of your eyes, it is important to seek medical attention for further evaluation.
5. Eye Pain or Pressure
Sometimes, lung cancer can cause eye pain or pressure, which may be a result of tumor growth or the invasion of nearby structures. If you experience persistent eye pain or pressure that is not relieved with over-the-counter remedies, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation.
It is important to note that these signs and symptoms can also be associated with other eye conditions or unrelated health issues. However, if you experience any of these symptoms and have a history of lung cancer or other risk factors, it is crucial to seek medical attention for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Metastasis and Eye Complications
Lung cancer, a devastating disease, has the potential to spread (metastasize) beyond the lungs and affect other parts of the body, including the eyes. When cancer cells from the lungs travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to the ocular region, they can give rise to various eye complications. This section focuses on understanding the concept of metastasis and delves into the specific eye-related complications that can arise as a result of lung cancer metastasizing to the eyes.
Metastasis: Spreading of Cancer Cells
Metastasis refers to the process by which cancer cells break away from the primary tumor and travel to distant sites in the body. When lung cancer cells metastasize to the eyes, they can infiltrate the delicate structures within the ocular region, leading to a wide range of complications.
Lung Cancer Eye Complications
The metastasis of lung cancer to the eyes can cause various eye-related complications. These complications can include:
- Orbital Metastasis: Lung cancer cells may spread to the tissues surrounding the eye, causing pain, swelling, and visual disturbances.
- Optic Nerve Compression: The optic nerve, responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain, may be compressed by cancer cells, resulting in vision loss.
- Intraocular Metastasis: Lung cancer cells can reach the inside of the eye, leading to a condition known as intraocular metastasis. This can cause blurry vision, floaters, and changes in eye pigmentation.
These eye complications can significantly impact a person’s vision and overall quality of life, highlighting the importance of early detection and appropriate management.
| Lung Cancer Eye Complications | Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Orbital Metastasis | Pain, swelling, visual disturbances |
| Optic Nerve Compression | Vision loss |
| Intraocular Metastasis | Blurry vision, floaters, changes in eye pigmentation |
In the next section, we will explore the specific eye symptoms associated with lung cancer, providing a deeper understanding of the manifestations that individuals may experience.
Eye Symptoms Associated with Lung Cancer
Lung cancer can have various symptoms that extend beyond the respiratory system. In some cases, the eyes can be affected, presenting symptoms that may indicate the presence of lung cancer or its complications.
While not all individuals with lung cancer will experience eye symptoms, it is important to be aware of the potential signs. The following are common eye symptoms associated with lung cancer:
- Vision changes: Some individuals may notice blurry vision, double vision, or a decrease in visual acuity. These changes may be subtle or more pronounced.
- Red or bloodshot eyes: Bloodshot eyes can be a result of inflammation or irritation caused by lung cancer or its treatment.
- Bulging of the eyes: In rare cases, lung cancer can cause the eyes to bulge forward. This can be a sign of a condition called superior vena cava syndrome, where the tumor blocks the blood flow in the superior vena cava, leading to increased pressure in the veins of the head and neck.
- Drooping eyelids: Lung cancer can sometimes lead to the weakness of the muscles that control the eyelids, causing them to droop.
- Yellowing of the eyes: Jaundice, a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes, can occur in cases where lung cancer has spread to the liver or bile ducts.
If you experience any of these eye symptoms, it is essential to seek medical attention for a thorough evaluation and diagnosis. While these symptoms can be indicative of lung cancer, they can also be caused by other conditions. A healthcare professional can provide a proper diagnosis and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Understanding the potential eye symptoms associated with lung cancer is crucial to ensure early detection and timely intervention, which can improve treatment outcomes and overall quality of life.
Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Eye Involvement
When it comes to diagnosing lung cancer and assessing any potential eye involvement, medical professionals play a crucial role. The diagnostic process involves a comprehensive evaluation to determine the presence of lung cancer and whether it has spread to the eyes. Acibadem Healthcare Group, a renowned healthcare institution, leverages its expertise in the field to provide accurate and timely diagnoses.
The diagnosis of lung cancer and eye involvement typically begins with a thorough medical history review and physical examination. The healthcare team will ask about any symptoms, risk factors, and previous medical conditions, paying close attention to any eye-related complaints or abnormalities.
Following the initial assessment, a variety of diagnostic tests may be ordered to further investigate the presence and extent of lung cancer. These tests may include:
- Imaging studies: This may involve a chest X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography (PET) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the lung tumor and any potential metastasis to the eyes.
- Biopsy: A tissue sample from the lung tumor or any suspect ocular lesions may be collected for laboratory analysis, helping to confirm the diagnosis.
- Blood tests: Specific blood markers may be measured to assess tumor markers related to lung cancer, providing additional insights into the disease progression.
Acibadem Healthcare Group utilizes state-of-the-art technology and advanced imaging techniques to accurately detect lung cancer and evaluate its potential impact on the eyes. With a multidisciplinary team of experts, they ensure a comprehensive evaluation and collaboration between oncologists, pulmonologists, ophthalmologists, and other specialists.
By leveraging their extensive experience and proficiency in diagnosing lung cancer and eye involvement, Acibadem Healthcare Group plays a crucial role in guiding appropriate treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes.
Treatment Options for Lung Cancer and Related Eye Issues
Effective treatment of lung cancer often requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. This approach considers not only the primary tumor but also any related complications, including those that may affect the eyes. In this section, we will explore the various treatment options available for lung cancer and the associated eye issues.
Surgical Intervention
Surgery is a common method for treating lung cancer, especially in the early stages. It involves the removal of the tumor and any affected surrounding tissues. However, when lung cancer spreads to the eyes, surgery may be more complex and require the expertise of a skilled ophthalmologist in collaboration with a thoracic surgeon.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body, including any cancer cells that may have spread to the eyes. This treatment can be administered orally, intravenously, or directly injected into the eye, depending on the specific case and its requirements. Chemotherapy is often used in combination with other treatment modalities to increase its effectiveness.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy involves the use of high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to target and kill cancer cells. It can be applied externally using a machine or internally using radioactive materials. Radiation therapy may be used to shrink lung tumors and alleviate symptoms, and it can also be directed towards eye metastases to slow down their growth and reduce discomfort.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy is a treatment approach that specifically targets certain molecular markers or genetic mutations found in cancer cells. This type of therapy works by interfering with the specific processes that promote tumor growth and survival. Targeted therapy can be particularly beneficial for lung cancer patients with eye involvement, as it may help control tumor growth and alleviate eye-related symptoms.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a cutting-edge treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system to fight cancer cells. It uses medications that enhance the body’s immune response, enabling it to recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in certain lung cancer cases, and ongoing research is exploring its potential benefits in eye-related complications.
| Treatment Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Surgical Intervention | Removal of the tumor and affected tissues through surgery, often requiring collaboration between ophthalmologists and thoracic surgeons. |
| Chemotherapy | Use of powerful drugs to kill cancer cells, administered orally, intravenously, or via injection. |
| Radiation Therapy | Targeted use of high-energy X-rays or other radiation to kill cancer cells and control tumor growth. |
| Targeted Therapy | Treatment that specifically targets molecular markers or genetic mutations in cancer cells to inhibit tumor growth. |
| Immunotherapy | Use of medications to boost the body’s immune response and enhance the ability to fight cancer cells. |
It’s important to note that the choice of treatment depends on various factors, such as the stage of lung cancer, the extent of eye involvement, and the overall health of the patient. A thorough evaluation by a medical team specializing in lung cancer and eye conditions is essential to determine the most suitable treatment plan for each individual case.
Managing Eye Complications and Improving Vision
When it comes to lung cancer, addressing the eye complications that can arise is essential for improving vision and overall quality of life. While the eyes may not be the primary focus of treatment, managing any related issues can significantly enhance the patient’s well-being. In this section, we will discuss strategies and approaches to effectively manage eye complications in individuals with lung cancer.
Regular Eye Examinations
Regular eye examinations play a crucial role in monitoring and managing eye complications related to lung cancer. These examinations allow healthcare professionals to identify any changes or abnormalities in the eyes, enabling early detection and timely intervention. By scheduling routine eye check-ups, individuals with lung cancer can proactively address any emerging eye issues and work towards preserving their visual function.
Collaboration Between Oncologists and Ophthalmologists
To provide comprehensive care, it is important for oncologists and ophthalmologists to collaborate in managing eye complications associated with lung cancer. By working together, these specialists can develop a treatment plan that addresses both the primary cancer and the ocular manifestations, ensuring the best possible outcomes for the patient. This multidisciplinary approach allows for a holistic management strategy, taking into account the unique needs and challenges presented by lung cancer.
Treatment Options for Eye Complications
Individuals with lung cancer who experience eye complications may benefit from various treatment options. These may include medications, surgical interventions, or other therapeutic modalities aimed at alleviating specific symptoms and improving visual function. The choice of treatment will depend on the nature and severity of the eye complications, as well as the individual’s overall health and treatment goals.
Supportive Measures for Visual Comfort
In addition to medical interventions, there are supportive measures that can enhance visual comfort for individuals with lung cancer and eye complications. These measures may include the use of lubricating eye drops to alleviate dryness, wearing sunglasses to protect against sensitivity to light, and ensuring proper lighting conditions for optimal visibility. Simple adjustments and accommodations can significantly improve the daily visual experience and overall well-being of individuals navigating both lung cancer and its associated eye issues.
Educational and Emotional Support
Dealing with eye complications related to lung cancer can be emotionally challenging. Providing educational resources and emotional support to patients and their loved ones is crucial in helping them cope with the physical and emotional impact of these complications. Support groups, counseling services, and educational materials can offer guidance, reassurance, and a sense of community to those facing the unique challenges associated with lung cancer-related eye issues.
By implementing these strategies and approaches, healthcare professionals can effectively manage eye complications, improve vision, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals with lung cancer. With timely intervention, collaborative care, and supportive measures, it is possible to address the ocular manifestations of lung cancer and provide holistic support to those navigating this complex disease.
Supportive Care and Palliative Measures
Lung cancer can present significant challenges for patients, affecting them both physically and emotionally. In addition to medical treatments, supportive care and palliative measures play a crucial role in managing eye issues caused by lung cancer, helping individuals maintain the best possible quality of life.
Supportive care aims to address the holistic needs of patients, focusing not only on the physical symptoms but also on emotional, psychological, and social aspects. It encompasses a range of services and interventions to alleviate symptoms, improve comfort, and enhance overall well-being.
When it comes to supporting individuals with lung cancer and eye problems caused by the disease, palliative measures can be particularly beneficial. Palliative care focuses on relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life for patients and their families, regardless of the stage of the disease.
One aspect of supportive care and palliative measures is pain management. Lung cancer-related eye issues can lead to discomfort and pain, which can be effectively managed through various pain-relieving techniques and medications.
Another important component of supportive care is psychological and emotional support. Patients with lung cancer may experience anxiety, depression, or other emotional challenges due to the impact of the disease on their overall health and well-being. Counseling, therapy, and support groups can provide much-needed emotional support and help individuals cope with the emotional burden of their condition.
Furthermore, supportive care and palliative measures can involve specialized services such as occupational therapy, which can help individuals with lung cancer and eye problems maintain their independence and improve their daily functioning. Occupational therapists can provide strategies to manage daily activities, adapt to visual changes, and optimize overall quality of life.
Supportive Care and Palliative Measures for Eye Issues Caused by Lung Cancer
| Supportive Care Services | Palliative Measures |
|---|---|
| Physical symptom management | Pain relief techniques |
| Psychological and emotional support | Counseling and therapy |
| Occupational therapy | Strategies for maintaining independence |
| Education and information | Support groups |
By implementing supportive care and palliative measures, healthcare professionals can provide comprehensive care for individuals with lung cancer, addressing their eye problems and improving their overall well-being. These interventions aim to enhance patients’ comfort, alleviate symptoms, and promote a sense of empowerment and dignity.
Research and Advances in Lung Cancer Treatment
Continuous advancements in the field of lung cancer research offer hope for improved treatment outcomes. As researchers and medical professionals strive to better understand this complex disease, their findings contribute to the development of innovative approaches to managing lung cancer and its associated complications.
One area of interest for researchers is the impact of lung cancer on the eyes. Studies have shown that lung cancer can manifest in various eye symptoms, which may be indicative of the disease or its complications. By gaining a deeper understanding of these eye symptoms and their underlying mechanisms, researchers aim to develop targeted therapies that can address these specific issues.
One promising avenue of research involves exploring the connection between lung cancer and eye symptoms of lung disease. By studying the molecular pathways involved in lung cancer and its effect on the eyes, researchers hope to identify potential therapeutic targets that can improve both lung cancer treatment outcomes and eye-related symptoms. This research may lead to more effective treatments that can alleviate eye symptoms caused by lung cancer and enhance overall quality of life for individuals affected by the disease.
Recent Developments
Recent studies have uncovered interesting findings regarding the relationship between lung cancer and eye symptoms. These insights can aid in the early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer, allowing for timely interventions and improved treatment outcomes.
Advances in imaging technology have also contributed to the understanding and diagnosis of eye-related complications in lung cancer patients. High-resolution imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus photography, enable clinicians to visualize and assess ocular abnormalities caused by lung cancer. This information guides treatment decisions and helps monitor the progression of eye-related symptoms during the course of lung cancer therapy.
Ongoing Studies
A number of ongoing studies are exploring potential interventions and treatment modalities for lung cancer-related eye symptoms. These studies are investigating the efficacy of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in managing both lung cancer and associated eye complications.
Additionally, researchers are examining the role of supportive care measures in improving eye symptoms and quality of life for lung cancer patients. This includes exploring the potential benefits of specialized eye drops, lubricants, and other interventions that can alleviate eye discomfort and improve visual function in individuals undergoing lung cancer treatment.
These ongoing studies hold promising evidence for the development of novel interventions and treatment strategies that can target lung cancer-related eye symptoms, improving patient outcomes and enhancing overall quality of life. As the understanding of the complex relationship between lung cancer and eye symptoms continues to evolve, researchers are hopeful that these advancements will pave the way for more effective and personalized treatments in the future.
Prevention and Early Detection of Lung Cancer
Preventing lung cancer and detecting it early are crucial for reducing associated eye complications and improving outcomes. By implementing effective strategies for prevention and early diagnosis, individuals at risk can take proactive steps to safeguard their health and minimize the impact on their eyes.
Strategies for Prevention
Reducing your risk of developing lung cancer can be achieved through a combination of lifestyle changes and environmental precautions:
- Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke exposure, as these are the leading causes of lung cancer.
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, as certain nutrients may help protect against lung cancer.
- Exercise regularly to improve overall health and strengthen the immune system.
- Limit exposure to environmental toxins such as radon, asbestos, and air pollution.
Importance of Early Diagnosis
Early detection of lung cancer allows for timely intervention and increases the chances of successful treatment. Regular screenings and awareness of the signs and symptoms are key:
- Screening tests, such as low-dose computed tomography (CT), can detect lung cancer at an early stage in individuals at high risk, leading to more effective treatment options.
- Familiarize yourself with the signs of lung cancer, including persistent cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue.
- Pay attention to any changes in your vision, as eye-related symptoms can sometimes indicate the presence of lung cancer.
The Role of Healthcare Providers
Regular check-ups with healthcare providers are essential for discussing your individual risk factors and addressing any concerns. Your healthcare provider can help assess your lung cancer risk, provide guidance on preventive measures, and recommend appropriate screening options based on your health history.
Signs of Lung Cancer in the Eyes
| Sign | Description |
|---|---|
| Chronic redness or irritation | Persistent redness or discomfort in the eyes |
| Blurred or double vision | Difficulty seeing clearly or experiencing double vision |
| Bulging or protruding eyes | Eyes appear larger or more prominent than usual |
| Yellowish coloration | Yellowing of the whites of the eyes (jaundice) |
| Dryness or excessive tearing | Abnormal tear production or dryness in the eyes |
By recognizing these signs and seeking immediate medical attention if any are present, individuals can ensure early diagnosis and prompt treatment, potentially reducing the impact on their vision and overall well-being.
Conclusion
In conclusion, lung cancer can have a significant impact on vision, leading to various symptoms and complications that can affect the eyes. It is crucial for individuals at risk of lung cancer, as well as those who have already been diagnosed, to be aware of these potential eye-related manifestations. Prompt medical attention is essential for early detection and appropriate management of lung cancer and its associated eye issues.
By understanding the signs and symptoms of lung cancer in the eyes, individuals can take proactive steps in seeking timely medical intervention. The expertise of medical professionals, such as the Acibadem Healthcare Group, plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, including any eye involvement that may occur.
Efforts to manage eye complications caused by lung cancer and improve vision are crucial. This can be achieved through a multidisciplinary approach that considers various treatment options available for lung cancer as well as strategies for enhancing visual function. Supportive care and palliative measures are also important in addressing the physical and emotional challenges faced by individuals with lung cancer and eye-related problems.
FAQ
What are the symptoms of lung cancer in the eyes?
Symptoms of lung cancer in the eyes can include blurry vision, double vision, redness or irritation, swelling, bulging of the eyes, or changes in color or shape of the eyes.
How does lung cancer affect the eyes?
Lung cancer can affect the eyes through metastasis, leading to complications such as inflammation, pressure on the optic nerve, or damage to the eye structures.
Eye issues related to lung cancer can include vision changes, eye pain, dryness or irritation, sensitivity to light, or difficulty moving the eyes.
Can lung cancer spread to the eyes?
Yes, lung cancer can metastasize to the eyes, leading to eye complications and vision problems.
What are the signs of lung cancer in the eyes?
Signs of lung cancer in the eyes can include sudden vision changes, bulging of the eyes, bloodshot eyes, or yellowing of the whites of the eyes.
What are the eye complications caused by lung cancer?
Eye complications caused by lung cancer can include vision loss, glaucoma, cataracts, or optic nerve damage.
How is lung cancer with eye involvement diagnosed?
Lung cancer with eye involvement is diagnosed through a combination of medical history evaluation, physical examinations, imaging tests, and eye examinations.
Treatment options for lung cancer and related eye issues can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or palliative care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Are there ways to manage eye complications caused by lung cancer?
Yes, eye complications caused by lung cancer can be managed through various strategies such as medication, eye drops, surgery, or use of artificial tears to alleviate dryness and irritation.
What supportive care and palliative measures are available for lung cancer patients with eye problems?
Lung cancer patients with eye problems can benefit from supportive care measures such as pain management, counseling, and access to specialized eye care services to improve comfort and overall well-being.
Ongoing research in lung cancer treatment aims to develop novel therapies that target specific genetic mutations, potentially leading to improved outcomes for patients with both lung cancer and eye symptoms.
How can lung cancer involving the eyes be prevented and detected early?
Prevention of lung cancer involving the eyes can be achieved by avoiding tobacco smoke and adopting a healthy lifestyle. Early detection strategies include regular screenings, awareness of potential symptoms, and seeking prompt medical attention for evaluation.
